Chekol Abebe Endeshaw, Mengie Ayele Teklie, Tilahun Muche Zelalem, Asmamaw Dejenie Tadesse
Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Biologics. 2021 May 6;15:143-152. doi: 10.2147/BTT.S307352. eCollection 2021.
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is severely challenging the healthcare systems and economies of the world, which urgently demand vaccine and therapy development to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, advancing our understanding of the comprehensive entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, especially the host factors that facilitate viral infection, is crucial for the discovery of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs. SARS-CoV-2 has previously been documented to reach cells by binding with ACE2 and CD147 receptors in host cells that interact with the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. A novel entry factor, called neuropilin 1(NRP1), has recently been discovered as a co-receptor facilitating the entry of SARS-CoV-2. NRP1 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein widely distributed throughout the tissues of the body and acts as a multifunctional co-receptor to bind with different ligand proteins and play diverse physiological roles as well as pathological and therapeutic roles in different clinical conditions/diseases, including COVID-19. The current review, therefore, briefly provides the overview of SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanisms, the structure of NRP1, and their roles in health and various diseases, as well as extensively discusses the current understanding of the potential implication of NRP1 in SARS-CoV-2 entry and COVID-19 treatment.
2019年新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行正严重挑战着全球的医疗体系和经济，这迫切需要研发疫苗和疗法来对抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。因此，加深我们对SARS-CoV-2全面进入机制的理解，尤其是促进病毒感染的宿主因子，对于发现有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物至关重要。此前有文献记载，SARS-CoV-2通过与宿主细胞中的血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）和CD147受体结合来进入细胞，这些受体与SARS-CoV-2的刺突（S）蛋白相互作用。最近发现了一种名为神经纤毛蛋白1（NRP1）的新型进入因子，它作为一种共受体促进SARS-CoV-2的进入。NRP1是一种单次跨膜糖蛋白，广泛分布于全身组织，作为多功能共受体与不同的配体蛋白结合，并在包括COVID-19在内的不同临床状况/疾病中发挥多种生理作用以及病理和治疗作用。因此，本综述简要概述了SARS-CoV-2的进入机制、NRP1的结构及其在健康和各种疾病中的作用，并广泛讨论了目前对NRP1在SARS-CoV-2进入和COVID-19治疗中的潜在影响的理解。
