Tomkowiak Agnieszka, Bocianowski Jan, Wolko Łukasz, Adamczyk Józef, Mikołajczyk Sylwia, Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd St., 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 28 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2019 Sep 5;8(9):330. doi: 10.3390/plants8090330.
Association mapping is a powerful approach to detect associations between traits of interest and genetic markers based on linkage disequilibrium in molecular plant breeding. The aim of this study was the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SilicoDArT markers associated with yield traits and morphological features in maize. Plant material constituted inbred lines. The field experiment with inbred lines was established on 10 m plots in a set of complete random blocks in three replicates. We observed 22 quantitative traits. Association mapping was performed in this study using a method based on the mixed linear model with the population structure estimated by eigenanalysis (principal component analysis applied to all markers) and modeled by random effects. As a result of mapping, 969 markers (346 SNPs and 623 SilocoDArT) were selected from 49,911 identified polymorphic molecular markers, which were significantly associated with the analyzed morphological features and yield structure traits. Markers associated with five or six traits were selected during further analyses, including SilicoDArT 4591115 (anthocyanin coloration of anthers, length of main axis above the highest lateral branch, cob length, number of grains per cob, weight of fresh grains per cob and weight of fresh grains per cob at 15% moisture), SilicoDArT 7059939 (anthocyanin coloration of glumes of cob, time of anthesis-50% of flowering plants, time of silk emergence-50% of flowering plants, anthocyanin coloration of anthers and cob diameter), SilicoDArT 5587991 (anthocyanin coloration of glumes of cob, time of anthesis-50% of flowering plants, anthocyanin coloration of anthers, curvature of lateral branches and number of rows of grain). The two genetic similarity dendrograms between the inbred lines were constructed based on all significant SNPs and SilicoDArT markers. On both dendrograms lines clustered according to the kernel structure (flint, dent) and origin. The selected markers may be useful in predicting hybrid formulas in a heterosis culture. The present study demonstrated that molecular SNP and Silico DArT markers could be used in this species to group lines in terms of origin and lines with incomplete origin data. They can also be useful in maize in predicting the hybrid formula and can find applications in the selection of parental components for heterosis crossings.
关联分析是一种基于分子植物育种中的连锁不平衡来检测目标性状与遗传标记之间关联的强大方法。本研究的目的是鉴定与玉米产量性状和形态特征相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和SilicoDArT标记。植物材料为自交系。在一组完全随机区组中，以10米的小区对自交系进行田间试验，重复三次。我们观察了22个数量性状。本研究采用基于混合线性模型的方法进行关联分析，通过特征分析（对所有标记应用主成分分析）估计群体结构，并以随机效应进行建模。通过作图，从49911个已鉴定的多态性分子标记中筛选出969个标记（346个SNP和623个SilocoDArT），这些标记与分析的形态特征和产量结构性状显著相关。在进一步分析中，选择了与五六个性状相关的标记，包括SilicoDArT 4591115（花药花青素着色、最高侧枝以上主轴长度、穗轴长度、每穗粒数、每穗鲜粒重和含水量为15%时的每穗鲜粒重）、SilicoDArT 7059939（穗轴颖片花青素着色、开花期-50%开花植株的时间、吐丝期-50%开花植株的时间、花药花青素着色和穗轴直径）、SilicoDArT 5587991（穗轴颖片花青素着色、开花期-50%开花植株的时间、花药花青素着色、侧枝弯曲度和籽粒行数）。基于所有显著的SNP和SilicoDArT标记构建了自交系之间的两个遗传相似性树状图。在两个树状图上，品系均根据籽粒结构（硬粒、马齿）和起源进行聚类。所选标记可能有助于预测杂种优势育种中的杂交组合。本研究表明，分子SNP和Silico DArT标记可用于该物种，根据起源对品系进行分组以及对起源数据不完整的品系进行分组。它们还可用于玉米中预测杂交组合，并可在杂种优势杂交亲本成分的选择中找到应用。
