Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, US - Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
ORISE Researcher, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, Oak Ridge, North Carolina, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 May 14;16(5):e0251197. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251197. eCollection 2021.
Pollination services provided by solitary bees, the largest group of bees worldwide, are critical to the vitality of ecosystems and agricultural systems alike. Disconcertingly, bee populations are in decline, and while no single causative factor has been identified, pesticides are believed to play a role in downward population trends. The effects of pesticides on solitary bee species have not been previously systematically cataloged and reviewed.
This systematic scoping review examines available evidence for effects of pesticide exposure on solitary bees to identify data gaps and priority research needs.
A systematic literature search strategy was developed to identify and document reports on solitary bee pesticide exposure-effects investigations. Literature was subsequently screened for relevance using a Population, Exposures, Comparators, and Outcomes (PECO) statement and organized into a systematic evidence map. Investigations were organized by effect category (lethal effects on immatures, lethal effects on adults, sublethal effects on immatures, and sublethal effects on adults), species, pesticide class, and publication year.
A comprehensive literature search of Web of Science and ProQuest Agricultural & Environmental Science supplemented by targeted internet searching and reference mining yielded 176 reports and publications for title and abstract screening and 65 that met PECO criteria (22 included lethal and 43 included sublethal effects endpoints). Relevant design details (pesticide, test compound configuration, study type, species, sex, exposure duration) were extracted into literature inventory tables to reveal the extent endpoints have been investigated and areas in need of additional research.
Evidence mapping revealed diversity in the pesticides and endpoints studied across the database. However, dilution across bee species, lack of complementary laboratory work and paucity of replicated investigations complicate efforts to interpret and apply available data to support pesticide risk assessment.
独居蜂是世界上最大的蜜蜂群体，它们提供的授粉服务对生态系统和农业系统的活力都至关重要。令人不安的是，蜜蜂数量正在减少，虽然尚未确定单一的致病因素，但人们认为杀虫剂在种群下降趋势中发挥了作用。杀虫剂对独居蜂种的影响以前没有被系统地编目和审查过。
本系统范围审查检查了可用的杀虫剂暴露对独居蜂的影响证据，以确定数据空白和优先研究需求。
制定了系统的文献搜索策略，以确定和记录有关独居蜂杀虫剂暴露-效应调查的报告。随后，根据人群、暴露、对照和结局（PECO）陈述筛选文献，并将其组织成系统证据图。调查按效应类别（对幼虫的致死效应、对成虫的致死效应、对幼虫的亚致死效应和对成虫的亚致死效应）、物种、农药类别和出版年份进行组织。
对 Web of Science 和 ProQuest Agricultural & Environmental Science 进行全面的文献搜索，辅以有针对性的互联网搜索和参考文献挖掘，共筛选出 176 份报告和出版物进行标题和摘要筛选，符合 PECO 标准的有 65 份（22 份包含致死效应终点，43 份包含亚致死效应终点）。将相关设计细节（杀虫剂、测试化合物配置、研究类型、物种、性别、暴露持续时间）提取到文献清单表中，以揭示已研究的终点的范围以及需要进一步研究的领域。
证据图谱显示了数据库中研究的杀虫剂和终点的多样性。然而，由于蜜蜂物种的稀释、缺乏互补的实验室工作以及缺乏重复调查，使得解释和应用现有数据以支持杀虫剂风险评估的工作变得复杂。
