Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX37JX, UK.
Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Sep;70:101360. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101360. Epub 2021 May 13.
The high prevalence of unhealthy dietary patterns and related brain disorders, such as dementia, emphasizes the importance of research that examines the effect of dietary factors on brain health. Identifying markers of brain health, such as volume and connectivity, that relate to diet is an important first step towards understanding the lifestyle determinants of healthy brain ageing. We conducted a systematic review of 52 studies (total n = 21,221 healthy participants aged 26-80 years, 55 % female) that assessed with a range of MRI measurements, which brain areas, connections, and cerebrovascular factors were associated with dietary markers. We report associations between regional brain measures and dietary health. Collectively, lower diet quality was related to reduced brain volume and connectivity, especially in white and grey matter of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobe, cingulate, entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus. Associations were also observed in connecting fibre pathways and in particular the default-mode, sensorimotor and attention networks. However, there were also some inconsistencies in research methods and findings. We recommend that future research use more comprehensive and consistent dietary measures, more representative samples, and examine the role of key subcortical regions previously highlighted in relevant animal work.
不健康的饮食模式和相关的脑部疾病（如痴呆症）的高发率强调了研究饮食因素对大脑健康影响的重要性。确定与饮食相关的大脑健康标志物，如体积和连通性，是理解健康大脑老化的生活方式决定因素的重要第一步。我们对 52 项研究（共纳入 21221 名年龄在 26-80 岁、55%为女性的健康参与者）进行了系统回顾，这些研究使用了一系列 MRI 测量方法来评估哪些脑区、连接和脑血管因素与饮食标志物相关。我们报告了与区域脑测量相关的饮食健康的关联。总体而言，较低的饮食质量与脑体积和连通性降低有关，尤其是在额叶、颞叶和顶叶、扣带回、内嗅皮层和海马体的白质和灰质中。在连接纤维通路中也观察到了关联，特别是默认模式、感觉运动和注意力网络。然而，研究方法和发现也存在一些不一致之处。我们建议未来的研究使用更全面和一致的饮食测量方法、更具代表性的样本，并研究以前在相关动物研究中强调的关键皮质下区域的作用。
