Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Auton Neurosci. 2021 Sep;234:102816. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102816. Epub 2021 May 10.
This review traces the history of the discovery and subsequent understanding of smooth muscle cells and their motor innervation. Smooth muscle tissue is made up of thousands of very small, individual, electrically connected, muscle cells. Each axon that enters a smooth muscle tissue branches extensively to form a terminal arbour that comes close to hundreds of smooth muscle cells. The branches of the terminal arbour are varicose, and each varicosity, of which there can be thousands, contains numerous transmitter storage vesicles. However, the probability of an individual varicosity releasing transmitter onto the adjacent muscle cells when an action potential passes is low. Many axons influence each muscle cell, some because they release transmitter close to the cell, and some because the events that they cause in other cells are electrically coupled to the cell under investigation. In tissues where this has been assessed, 20 or more axons can influence a single smooth muscle cell. We present a model of the innervation and influence of neurons on smooth muscle.
这篇综述追溯了平滑肌细胞及其运动神经支配的发现和随后的理解的历史。平滑肌组织由数千个非常小的、单独的、电连接的肌细胞组成。进入平滑肌组织的每一个轴突都广泛分支，形成一个接近数百个平滑肌细胞的终末树突。终末树突的分支呈曲张状，每个曲张处（可能有成千上万处）都含有大量的递质储存小泡。然而，当动作电位通过时，单个曲张处将递质释放到相邻肌肉细胞上的概率很低。许多轴突影响每个肌肉细胞，有些是因为它们在细胞附近释放递质，有些是因为它们在其他细胞中引起的事件与正在研究的细胞电耦联。在已经评估过的组织中，20 个或更多的轴突可以影响单个平滑肌细胞。我们提出了一个神经元对平滑肌的支配和影响的模型。
