Laboratory of Fish Microbiology, Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Para, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro s/n, 68600-000 Braganca, Para, Brazil.
Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Para, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro s/n, 68600-000 Braganca, Para, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2021 May;143:110308. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110308. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
In Brazil, Cynoscion leiarchus and Plagioscion squamosissimus are the species allowed to be labeled as "pescada-branca". These species have high economic value, especially when sold in the form of fillets. Therefore, when morphological traits are removed, fish are highly prone to be substituted, which has been reported for species of the family Sciaenidae sold in Brazil, including "pescada-branca". We have sequenced 618 bp of the COI of 143 samples to re-evaluate the occurrence of substitutions in frozen "pescada-branca" marketed in Brazil. We observed more than 73% of mislabeling, with only 26.57% being P. squamosissimus, and none, C. leiarchus. In general, the substitutes were closely related Sciaenidae, but cheaper species, which indicates commercial fraud. Based on these results we used 1.2 kb of COI to develop an octaplex PCR assay that unequivocally identified the target species and six substitute species through the banding pattern. Specific reverse primers combined with a universal forward primer were used in the protocol and identified the species C. leiarchus (290 bp), N. microps (340 bp), M. ancylodon (470 bp), C. acoupa (540 bp), C. microlepidotus (850 bp), P. auratus (950 bp), C. virescens (1050 bp), and P. squamosissimus (1140 bp). The DNA barcoding and the multiplex PCR were accurate and specific to authenticate processed products labeled as "pescada-branca". The multiplex assay constitutes a cost-effective alternative for the authentication of these products and other sciaenids. Additionally, we suggest that the multiplex assay can be adopted by both companies and regulatory agencies to prevent commercial fraud in the marketing of processed fishery products in Brazil and other countries where these products are commercialized.
在巴西，允许将 Cynoscion leiarchus 和 Plagioscion squamosissimus 这两个物种标记为“pescada-branca”。这些物种具有很高的经济价值，特别是以鱼片的形式出售时。因此，当形态特征被去除时，鱼类很容易被替代，这在巴西销售的 Sciaenidae 鱼类中已有报道，包括“pescada-branca”。我们对 143 个样本的 COI 进行了 618 bp 的测序，以重新评估在巴西市场上销售的冷冻“pescada-branca”的替代情况。我们观察到超过 73%的标签错误，其中只有 26.57%是 P. squamosissimus，没有 C. leiarchus。总的来说，替代品是密切相关的 Sciaenidae，但更便宜的物种，这表明存在商业欺诈。基于这些结果，我们使用 1.2 kb 的 COI 开发了一种八重 PCR 分析，通过条带模式明确识别了目标物种和六种替代物种。该方案使用特定的反向引物与通用正向引物相结合，鉴定了 C. leiarchus（290 bp）、N. microps（340 bp）、M. ancylodon（470 bp）、C. acoupa（540 bp）、C. microlepidotus（850 bp）、P. auratus（950 bp）、C. virescens（1050 bp）和 P. squamosissimus（1140 bp）。DNA 条码和多重 PCR 对验证标记为“pescada-branca”的加工产品是准确和特异的。该多重分析为这些产品和其他 Sciaenidae 的鉴定提供了一种具有成本效益的替代方法。此外，我们建议该多重分析可以被公司和监管机构采用，以防止在巴西和其他商业化这些产品的国家销售加工渔业产品中的商业欺诈。
