Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Oct;118:107-118. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.025. Epub 2021 May 14.
The heart is the earliest organ to develop during embryogenesis and is remarkable in its ability to function efficiently as it is being sculpted. Cardiac heart defects account for a high burden of childhood developmental disorders with many remaining poorly understood mechanistically. Decades of work across a multitude of model organisms has informed our understanding of early cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis and has simultaneously opened new and unanswered questions. Here we have synthesized current knowledge in the field and reviewed recent developments in the realm of imaging, bioengineering and genetic technology and ex vivo cardiac modeling that may be deployed to generate more holistic models of early cardiac morphogenesis, and by extension, new platforms to study congenital heart defects.
心脏是胚胎发生过程中最早发育的器官，其在被塑造的同时能够高效运作，这一特性非常显著。心脏缺陷导致了大量儿童发育障碍，其中许多机制仍不清楚。几十年来，多种模式生物的研究工作使我们对早期心脏分化和形态发生有了更深入的了解，但同时也提出了新的、尚未解决的问题。在这里，我们综合了该领域的现有知识，并回顾了成像、生物工程和基因技术以及心脏体外建模领域的最新进展，这些进展可能被用于生成更全面的早期心脏形态发生模型，并进一步为研究先天性心脏缺陷提供新的平台。
