Negrão Juliana Gioia, Osorio Ana Alexandra Caldas, Siciliano Rinaldo Focaccia, Lederman Vivian Renne Gerber, Kozasa Elisa Harumi, D'Antino Maria Eloisa Famá, Tamborim Anderson, Santos Vitor, de Leucas David Leonardo Barsand, Camargo Paulo Sergio, Mograbi Daniel C, Mecca Tatiana Pontrelli, Schwartzman José Salomão
Developmental Disorders Program, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil.
Hospital das Clínicas Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 29;12:666245. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666245. eCollection 2021.
This study developed a photo and video database of 4-to-6-year-olds expressing the seven induced and posed universal emotions and a neutral expression. Children participated in photo and video sessions designed to elicit the emotions, and the resulting images were further assessed by independent judges in two rounds. In the first round, two independent judges (1 and 2), experts in the Facial Action Coding System, firstly analysed 3,668 emotions facial expressions stimuli from 132 children. Both judges reached 100% agreement regarding 1,985 stimuli (124 children), which were then selected for a second round of analysis between judges 3 and 4. The result was 1,985 stimuli (51% of the photographs) were produced from 124 participants (55% girls). A Kappa index of 0.70 and an accuracy of 73% between experts were observed. Lower accuracy was found for emotional expression by 4-year-olds than 6-year-olds. Happiness, disgust and contempt had the highest agreement. After a sub-analysis evaluation of all four judges, 100% agreement was reached for 1,381 stimuli which compound the ChildEFES database with 124 participants (59% girls) and 51% induced photographs. The number of stimuli of each emotion were: 87 for neutrality, 363 for happiness, 170 for disgust, 104 for surprise, 152 for fear, 144 for sadness, 157 for anger 157, and 183 for contempt. The findings show that this photo and video database can facilitate research on the mechanisms involved in early childhood recognition of facial emotions in children, contributing to the understanding of facial emotion recognition deficits which characterise several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
本研究建立了一个照片和视频数据库，其中包含4至6岁儿童表达七种诱发和摆拍的普遍情绪以及一种中性表情的内容。儿童参与了旨在引发这些情绪的照片和视频拍摄环节，随后独立评委对生成的图像进行了两轮进一步评估。在第一轮中，两名独立评委（评委1和评委2），即面部动作编码系统专家，首先分析了来自132名儿童的3668个情绪面部表情刺激。两位评委对1985个刺激（124名儿童）达成了100%的一致意见，这些刺激随后被选入评委3和评委4之间的第二轮分析。结果是，1985个刺激（占照片的51%）由124名参与者（55%为女孩）产生。专家之间的卡帕指数为0.70，准确率为73%。发现4岁儿童的情绪表达准确率低于6岁儿童。快乐、厌恶和轻蔑的一致性最高。在对所有四位评委进行子分析评估后，对1381个刺激达成了100%的一致意见，这些刺激构成了儿童表情诱发与编码系统（ChildEFES）数据库，其中有124名参与者（59%为女孩）以及51%的诱发照片。每种情绪的刺激数量分别为：中性表情87个，快乐363个，厌恶170个，惊讶104个，恐惧152个，悲伤144个，愤怒157个，轻蔑183个。研究结果表明，这个照片和视频数据库有助于研究儿童早期面部情绪识别所涉及的机制，有助于理解表征几种神经发育和精神疾病的面部情绪识别缺陷。
