J Clin Invest. 2021 May 17;131(10). doi: 10.1172/JCI143772.
The gut microbiota has the capacity to affect host appetite via intestinal satiety pathways, as well as complex feeding behaviors. In this Review, we highlight recent evidence that the gut microbiota can modulate food preference across model organisms. We discuss effects of the gut microbiota on the vagus nerve and brain regions including the hypothalamus, mesolimbic system, and prefrontal cortex, which play key roles in regulating feeding behavior. Crosstalk between commensal bacteria and the central and peripheral nervous systems is associated with alterations in signaling of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We further consider areas for future research on mechanisms by which gut microbes may influence feeding behavior involving these neural pathways. Understanding roles for the gut microbiota in feeding regulation will be important for informing therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic and eating disorders.
肠道微生物群通过肠道饱腹感途径以及复杂的进食行为来影响宿主的食欲。在这篇综述中，我们强调了最近的证据表明，肠道微生物群可以调节模型生物中的食物偏好。我们讨论了肠道微生物群对迷走神经和大脑区域的影响，包括下丘脑、中脑边缘系统和前额叶皮层，这些区域在调节进食行为方面发挥着关键作用。共生细菌与中枢和外周神经系统之间的串扰与神经递质和神经肽（如多巴胺、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1））信号的改变有关。我们进一步考虑了未来研究肠道微生物如何通过这些神经途径影响进食行为的机制的领域。了解肠道微生物在进食调节中的作用对于为治疗代谢和饮食失调提供治疗策略将是重要的。
