Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2021 Nov;34(6):1000-1014. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12986. Epub 2021 Jun 3.
Hyperpigmentation of the skin refers to a dermatological condition which alters the color of the skin, making it discolored or darkened. The treatments for hyperpigmentation disorders often take very long to show results and have poor patient compliance. The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as tranexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride. The second-line approaches include chemical peels and laser therapy given under the observation of expert professionals. However, these therapies pose certain limitations and adverse effects such as erythema, skin peeling, and drying and require long treatment duration to show visible effects. These shortcomings of the conventional treatments provided scope for further research on newer alternatives for managing hyperpigmentation. Some of these therapies include novel formulations such as solid lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, phytochemicals, platelet-rich plasma, microneedling. This review focuses on elaborating on several hyperpigmentation disorders and their mechanisms, the current, novel and emerging treatment options for management of hyperpigmentation.
皮肤色素沉着是一种皮肤疾病，会改变皮肤颜色，使皮肤变色或变暗。治疗色素沉着障碍的方法往往需要很长时间才能见效，而且患者的依从性也很差。治疗色素沉着的一线治疗方法包括外用常规药物制剂，如氢醌、曲酸和乙醇酸，然后再口服治疗药物制剂，如氨甲环酸、褪黑素和半胱胺盐酸盐。二线方法包括在专业人员的观察下进行化学换肤和激光治疗。然而，这些疗法存在一定的局限性和不良反应，如红斑、皮肤剥落、干燥，需要长时间的治疗才能看到明显的效果。这些传统治疗方法的缺点为进一步研究治疗色素沉着的新方法提供了空间。其中一些治疗方法包括新型制剂，如固体脂质纳米载体、脂质体、植物化学物质、富血小板血浆、微针。本综述重点阐述了几种色素沉着障碍及其机制，以及目前、新型和新兴的色素沉着管理治疗选择。
