Centre for Medicinal Cannabis, London, United Kingdom.
Cannabis Patient Advocacy & Support Services, London, United Kingdom.
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2022 Apr;7(2):207-213. doi: 10.1089/can.2019.0078. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Over-the-counter cannabidiol (CBD) products have seen unprecedented recent growth in the United Kingdom. However, analysis of these predominantly unregulated products from other countries tells us that they are often mislabeled or contain unlabeled and potentially dangerous chemicals. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze CBD oils available in the United Kingdom. Phytocannabinoids, residual solvent, and heavy metals were measured blinded in 29 widely available CBD products by an independent testing facility using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection for cannabinoids, Headspace-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for residual solvents, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for heavy metals. The mean advertised CBD content was 4.5%, and the actual mean measured CBD content of products was 3.2% (=0.053, Mann-Whitney test). Only 11/29 (38%) products were within 10% of the advertised CBD content. Fifty five percent of products had measurable levels of the controlled substances Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (mean content 0.04%) or cannabinol (mean content 0.01%), as well as most other phytocannabinoid compounds including cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and cannabidivarin acid (CBDVA). Detectable levels of N-pentane, ethanol, isopropanol, heptane, lead, and arsenic were found in many of the CBD products, but these were within acceptable levels. As demonstrated in other countries, the quality of over-the-counter CBD products in the United Kingdom can be substandard, particularly with regard to CBD content, and often contains levels of controlled substances. We recommend that these products be more strictly regulated for consumer welfare.
非处方类的大麻二酚 (CBD) 产品在英国最近出现了前所未有的增长。然而，对这些主要不受监管的来自其他国家的产品进行分析后，我们发现它们经常标签有误或含有未标注且可能有害的化学物质。因此，本研究旨在分析英国市场上的 CBD 油。一家独立检测机构使用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测法对 29 种广泛流通的 CBD 产品进行了盲测，以检测其中的植物大麻素、残留溶剂和重金属。利用顶空-气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器和气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测残留溶剂，电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测重金属。广告中 CBD 的平均含量为 4.5%，而产品实际测量 CBD 的平均含量为 3.2%（=0.053，Mann-Whitney 检验）。只有 11/29（38%）的产品 CBD 含量在广告含量的 10%以内。55%的产品有可测量水平的受管制物质 Δ-四氢大麻酚（平均含量 0.04%）或大麻酚（平均含量 0.01%），以及包括大麻二酚酸（CBDA）、大麻二酚（CBDV）和大麻二酚酸（CBDVA）在内的大多数其他植物大麻素化合物。许多 CBD 产品中都检测到了正戊烷、乙醇、异丙醇、庚烷、铅和砷的痕迹，但这些都在可接受的范围内。正如在其他国家所证明的那样，英国非处方 CBD 产品的质量可能不达标，尤其是 CBD 含量方面，而且往往含有受管制物质的水平。我们建议对这些产品进行更严格的监管，以保障消费者的福利。
