Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2021 Aug;49:21-26. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.04.005. Epub 2021 Apr 21.
Impacts of respiratory tract viruses have long been appreciated to highly heterogeneous both between and within various populations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which is the first time that a pathogen's spread across the globe has been extensively monitored by direct detection of the pathogen itself rather just than the morbidity left in its wake, indicates such heterogeneity is not limited to outcomes of infections but whether infection of a particular host occurs at all. This suggests an important role for yet to be discovered environmental (i.e. non-genetic) factors that influence whether an exposure to the virus initiates a productive infection and, moreover, the severity of disease that results. This article discusses the emerging hypothesis that the composition of a host's commensal microbial communities, that is, its 'microbiome', may be one such determinant that influences outcomes following encounters with respiratory viral pathogens in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular. Specifically, we will review the rationales and evidence that supports this hypothesis and, moreover, speculate as to possible approaches to manipulate microbiota to ameliorate disease induced by respiratory viral pathogens.
呼吸道病毒的影响在不同人群之间以及人群内部一直存在很大的异质性。SARS-CoV-2 大流行是第一次通过直接检测病原体本身而不是仅仅监测其遗留的发病率来广泛监测病原体在全球范围内的传播，这表明这种异质性不仅限于感染的结果，还包括特定宿主是否会被感染。这表明，尚未发现的环境（即非遗传）因素在很大程度上影响着接触病毒是否会引发生产性感染，以及由此产生的疾病的严重程度。本文讨论了一个新出现的假说，即宿主共生微生物群落的组成，即其“微生物组”，可能是影响一般呼吸道病毒病原体和 SARS-CoV-2 感染后结果的一个决定因素。具体来说，我们将回顾支持这一假说的理由和证据，此外，还将推测可能的方法来操纵微生物组以改善由呼吸道病毒病原体引起的疾病。
