Duarte Geraldo, Pezzuto Paula, Barros Tiago Dahrug, Mosimann Junior Gláucio, Martinez-Espinosa Flor Ernestina
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2021 May 17;54(suppl 1):e2020834. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-834-2020. eCollection 2021.
This article discusses viral hepatitis, a theme addressed by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines to Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections and, more precisely, by the Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and Coinfections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Besides the broad spectrum of health impairment, hepatitis A, B, and C viruses also present different transmission forms, whether parenteral, sexual, vertical, or fecal-oral. Among the strategies suggested for the control of viral hepatitis, in addition to behavioral measures, are expanded diagnosis, early vaccination against hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses, and access to available therapeutic resources. Considering vertical transmission of the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, screening for pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B and C is an essential perinatal health strategy, indicating with precision those who can benefit from the prophylactic interventions. Viral hepatitis A, B, and C are responsible for more than 1.34 million deaths worldwide every year, from which 66% are the result of hepatitis B, 30% of hepatitis C, and 4% of hepatitis A.
本文讨论病毒性肝炎，这是《性传播感染患者综合护理临床方案和治疗指南》，更确切地说是巴西卫生部发布的《乙型和丙型肝炎及合并感染临床方案和治疗指南》所涉及的主题。除了广泛的健康损害外，甲型、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒还呈现出不同的传播形式，无论是经肠外、性、垂直还是粪口传播。在为控制病毒性肝炎而建议的策略中，除行为措施外，还包括扩大诊断、针对甲型和乙型肝炎病毒的早期疫苗接种以及获取可用的治疗资源。考虑到乙型和丙型肝炎病毒的垂直传播，对慢性乙型和丙型肝炎孕妇进行筛查是一项重要的围产期健康策略，能准确指出哪些人可从预防性干预措施中受益。甲型、乙型和丙型病毒性肝炎每年在全球导致超过134万人死亡，其中66%由乙型肝炎导致，30%由丙型肝炎导致，4%由甲型肝炎导致。
