MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
PLoS Biol. 2021 May 19;19(5):e3001195. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001195. eCollection 2021 May.
Protected areas are the flagship management tools to secure biodiversity from anthropogenic impacts. However, the extent to which adjacent areas with distinct protection levels host different species numbers and compositions remains uncertain. Here, using reef fishes, European alpine plants, and North American birds, we show that the composition of species in adjacent Strictly Protected, Restricted, and Non-Protected areas is highly dissimilar, whereas the number of species is similar, after controlling for environmental conditions, sample size, and rarity. We find that between 12% and 15% of species are only recorded in Non-Protected areas, suggesting that a non-negligible part of regional biodiversity occurs where human activities are less regulated. For imperiled species, the proportion only recorded in Strictly Protected areas reaches 58% for fishes, 11% for birds, and 7% for plants, highlighting the fundamental and unique role of protected areas and their environmental conditions in biodiversity conservation.
保护区是保护生物多样性免受人为影响的旗舰管理工具。然而，保护程度不同的相邻区域拥有不同物种数量和组成的程度仍不确定。在这里，我们使用珊瑚礁鱼类、欧洲高山植物和北美鸟类，表明在控制环境条件、样本量和稀有性后，严格保护区、限制区和非保护区相邻区域的物种组成高度不同，而物种数量相似。我们发现，在非保护区记录的物种中，有 12%至 15%是仅在非保护区记录的，这表明在人类活动管制较少的地区存在相当一部分区域生物多样性。对于濒危物种，鱼类中仅在严格保护区记录的比例达到 58%，鸟类为 11%，植物为 7%，这突出了保护区及其环境条件在生物多样性保护中的基本和独特作用。
