Department of Psychology and Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; email:
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2021 Sep 15;7:301-321. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-113020-012740. Epub 2021 May 20.
Congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a life-long impairment in face processing that occurs in the absence of any apparent brain damage, provides a unique model in which to explore the psychological and neural bases of normal face processing. The goal of this review is to offer a theoretical and conceptual framework that may account for the underlying cognitive and neural deficits in CP. This framework may also provide a novel perspective in which to reconcile some conflicting results that permits the expansion of the research in this field in new directions. The crux of this framework lies in linking the known behavioral and neural underpinnings of face processing and their impairments in CP to a model incorporating grid cell-like activity in the entorhinal cortex. Moreover, it stresses the involvement of active, spatial scanning of the environment with eye movements and implicates their critical role in face encoding and recognition. To begin with, we describe the main behavioral and neural characteristics of CP, and then lay down the building blocks of our proposed model, referring to the existing literature supporting this new framework. We then propose testable predictions and conclude with open questions for future research stemming from this model.
先天性面容失认症（CP）是一种终生的面部处理损伤，发生在没有明显脑损伤的情况下，为探索正常面部处理的心理和神经基础提供了一个独特的模型。本综述的目的是提供一个理论和概念框架，可以解释 CP 中潜在的认知和神经缺陷。该框架还可以提供一个新的视角，调和一些相互矛盾的结果，从而允许该领域的研究向新的方向扩展。该框架的关键在于将面部处理及其在 CP 中的损伤的已知行为和神经基础与一个包含内嗅皮层网格细胞样活动的模型联系起来。此外，它强调了主动的、带有眼动的环境空间扫描，并暗示了它们在面部编码和识别中的关键作用。首先，我们描述了 CP 的主要行为和神经特征，然后奠定了我们提出的模型的基础，参考了支持这一新框架的现有文献。然后，我们提出了可测试的预测，并从该模型得出了未来研究的开放性问题。
