Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2021 Jun 28;6(7):505-542. doi: 10.1039/d0nh00696c.
In a matter of decades, nanomaterials from biomass, exemplified by nanocellulose, have rapidly transitioned from once being a subject of curiosity to an area of fervent research and development, now reaching the stages of commercialization and industrial relevance. Nanoscale chitin and chitosan, on the other hand, have only recently begun to raise interest. Attractive features such as excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, immunogenicity, as well as the tuneable handles of their acetylamide (chitin) or primary amino (chitosan) functionalities indeed display promise in areas such as biomedical devices, catalysis, therapeutics, and more. Herein, we review recent progress in the fabrication and development of these bio-nanomaterials, describe in detail their properties, and discuss the initial successes in their applications. Comparisons are made to the dominant nanocelluose to highlight some of the inherent advantages that nanochitin and nanochitosan may possess in similar application.
在短短几十年的时间里，以纳米纤维素为代表的生物质纳米材料已经迅速从曾经的好奇对象转变为热门的研究和开发领域，现在已经进入商业化和工业相关的阶段。相比之下，纳米级壳聚糖和壳聚糖最近才开始引起人们的兴趣。它们具有出色的生物相容性、抗菌活性、免疫原性，以及可调节的乙酰氨基（壳聚糖）或伯氨基（壳聚糖）功能等吸引人的特性，确实在生物医学设备、催化、治疗等领域具有应用潜力。本文综述了这些生物纳米材料的制备和发展的最新进展，详细描述了它们的性质，并讨论了它们在应用方面的初步成功。与占主导地位的纳米纤维素进行了比较，突出了纳米壳聚糖和纳米壳聚糖在类似应用中可能具有的一些固有优势。
