Penn State College of Medicine (AV Hyczko and IM Paul), Hershey, Pa.
Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, Penn State University (CF Ruggiero, EE Hohman, and JS Savage), University Park, Pa.
Acad Pediatr. 2021 Aug;21(6):1070-1076. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.002. Epub 2021 May 19.
Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories tested an early life responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for obesity prevention. Body mass index z-score at age 3 years was lower for the RP group versus controls with a larger effect for girls than boys. We sought to determine if child sex was associated with differing maternal feeding practices and whether sex moderated intervention effects on feeding.
DESIGN/METHODS: Mothers (N = 279) completed the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire (IFSQ) at 28 weeks, the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) at 1, 2, and 3 years, and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) at 3 years. Study aims were tested using 2-way analysis of variance and repeated measures.
Mothers reported greater restriction (limiting food quantity) for boys at 28 weeks (IFSQ: 3.0 ± 1.1 vs 2.8 ± 1.0, P = .07) and across annual measurements from age 1 to 3 years (SCPF: P = .04). At age 3, the intervention group effect on restriction differed by sex (CFQ: P = .047) such that higher restriction was reported by RP group mothers of boys versus girls (3.4 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 0.9, P = .002) with no control group sex difference (3.4 ± 0.8 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, P = .79). There were no sex differences or sex by intervention group interactions in other reported feeding practices at any assessment (ie, structure-based feeding, pressure).
Mothers of boys used more restrictive feeding through age 3. These findings may be partially explained by previously reported better self-soothing and self-regulation abilities of participating girls.
干预护士启动健康轨迹中的婴儿生长（ISSN：2167-9021）测试了一种针对肥胖预防的早期有反应的育儿（RP）干预措施。与对照组相比，3 岁时的体重指数 z 分数较低，女孩的效果大于男孩。我们试图确定儿童性别是否与不同的喂养方式有关，以及性别是否调节了喂养方式对喂养的干预效果。
设计/方法：母亲（N=279）在 28 周时完成婴儿喂养方式问卷（ISFQ），在 1、2 和 3 岁时完成结构和控制在父母喂养（SCPF），并在 3 岁时完成儿童喂养问卷（CFQ）。研究目的通过双向方差分析和重复测量进行检验。
母亲在 28 周时（ISFQ：3.0 ± 1.1 与 2.8 ± 1.0，P=.07）和从 1 岁到 3 岁的每年测量中报告男孩的限制（限制食物量）更大（SCPF：P=.04）。在 3 岁时，干预组对限制的影响因性别而异（CFQ：P=0.047），即 RP 组男孩的母亲报告的限制更高，而女孩的限制较低（3.4 ± 0.7 与 3.0 ± 0.9，P=0.002），对照组无性别差异（3.4 ± 0.8 与 3.3 ± 0.9，P=0.79）。在任何评估中，都没有性别差异或性别与干预组之间的相互作用在其他报告的喂养方式中（即基于结构的喂养、压力）。
男孩的母亲在 3 岁之前使用了更具限制性的喂养方式。这些发现可能部分可以通过之前报道的参与女孩有更好的自我安慰和自我调节能力来解释。
