Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Anal Chim Acta. 2021 Jun 29;1166:338332. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338332. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
The use of 3D printing in the chemical and analytical sciences has gained a lot of momentum in recent years. Some of the earliest publications detailed 3D-printed interfaces for mass spectrometry, which is an evolving family of powerful detection techniques. Since then, the application of 3D printing for enhancing mass spectrometry has significantly diversified, with important reasons for its application including flexible integration of different parts or devices, fast customization of setups, additional functionality, portability, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness. Moreover, computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing enables the rapid and wide distribution of scientific and engineering knowledge. 3D printers allow fast prototyping with constantly increasing resolution in a broad range of materials using different fabrication principles. Moreover, 3D printing has proven its value in the development of novel technologies for multiple analytical applications such as online and offline sample preparation, ionization, ion transport, and developing interfaces for the mass spectrometer. Additionally, 3D-printed devices are often used for the protection of more fragile elements of a sample preparation system in a customized fashion, and allow the embedding of external components into an integrated system for mass spectrometric analysis. This review comprehensively addresses these developments, since their introduction in 2013. Moreover, the challenges and choices with respect to the selection of the most appropriate printing process in combination with an appropriate material for a mass spectrometric application are addressed; special attention is paid to chemical compatibility, ease of production, and cost. In this review, we critically discuss these developments and assess their impact on mass spectrometry.
近年来，3D 打印在化学和分析科学中的应用得到了迅猛发展。一些最早的出版物详细介绍了用于质谱分析的 3D 打印界面，这是一种不断发展的强大检测技术家族。自那时以来，3D 打印在增强质谱分析方面的应用已经显著多样化，其应用的重要原因包括灵活集成不同部分或设备、快速定制设置、附加功能、便携性、成本效益和用户友好性。此外，计算机辅助设计 (CAD) 和 3D 打印使科学和工程知识能够快速广泛地传播。3D 打印机允许使用不同的制造原理在广泛的材料中快速进行原型制作，并且分辨率不断提高。此外，3D 打印已经证明了其在开发用于多种分析应用的新技术方面的价值，例如在线和离线样品制备、离子化、离子传输以及为质谱仪开发接口。此外，3D 打印设备通常用于以定制的方式保护样品制备系统中更脆弱的元件，并允许将外部组件嵌入到集成的质谱分析系统中。本综述全面介绍了自 2013 年以来的这些发展。此外，还针对与质谱应用最适合的打印工艺和材料的选择相关的挑战和选择进行了讨论；特别关注化学兼容性、生产便利性和成本。在本综述中，我们批判性地讨论了这些发展，并评估了它们对质谱分析的影响。
