Krzyzanowski M, Kauffmann F
National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Epidemiol. 1988 Jun;17(2):397-406. doi: 10.1093/ije/17.2.397.
Data from the French PAARC (Pollution Atmosphérique et Affections Respiratoires Chroniques) study were used to assess the effect of a priori moderate occupational exposure to dust, gases or chemical fumes on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function. In this community-based population, without households 'headed' by manual workers, 34% of the 8692 men and 23% of the 7772 women, 25-59 years of age, ever occupationally active, reported some exposure. The studied relationships were adjusted for age, height, smoking habits, socio-occupational class, education and air pollution by logistic or linear regression methods. For men and women, some 50% increase (p less than 0.01) in chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, dyspnoea grade 2 and wheezing prevalence was observed in the exposed group compared to the never exposed, with the strongest association for wheezing. FEV1 and FEF25-75% were not associated with occupational exposure. Among men, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75%/FVC were significantly lower (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05) among the exposed compared to never exposed, but FVC was significantly greater (p less than 0.05). Among women, occupational exposure was significantly related to a lower FEV1/FVC in the subgroup with a history of asthma or wheezing. Results suggest that occupational exposures of relatively low intensity, encountered in the non-industrial work places may constitute a non-negligible risk for respiratory health.
来自法国PAARC（大气污染与慢性呼吸道疾病）研究的数据被用于评估事先存在的中度职业性接触粉尘、气体或化学烟雾对呼吸道症状患病率和通气功能的影响。在这个以社区为基础的人群中，没有体力劳动者“当家”的家庭，在8692名25至59岁曾经有职业活动的男性中，34%报告有某种接触，在7772名女性中，23%报告有某种接触。通过逻辑回归或线性回归方法，对所研究的关系进行了年龄、身高、吸烟习惯、社会职业阶层、教育程度和空气污染的校正。对于男性和女性，与从未接触者相比，接触组的慢性咳嗽、慢性支气管炎、2级呼吸困难和喘息患病率约增加50%（p<0.01），喘息的关联最强。第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和25%-75%用力呼气流量（FEF25-75%）与职业接触无关。在男性中，与从未接触者相比，接触者的FEV1/用力肺活量（FVC）和FEF25-75%/FVC显著降低（p<0.001和p<0.05），但肺活量（FVC）显著增加（p<0.05）。在女性中，职业接触与有哮喘或喘息病史亚组中较低的FEV1/FVC显著相关。结果表明，在非工业工作场所遇到的相对低强度职业接触可能对呼吸健康构成不可忽视的风险。
