McCurdy S A, Ferguson T J, Goldsmith D F, Parker J E, Schenker M B
Division of Occupational@Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis 95616-8638, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 May;153(5):1553-9. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.153.5.8630601.
Rice farmers are occupationally exposed to agents that may affect respiratory health, including inorganic dusts and smoke from burning of agricultural waste. To assess respiratory health of this occupational group, we conducted a cross-sectional study, including a self-administered health and work questionnaire, spirometry, and chest radiography among 464 male California rice farmers. Mean age +/- SD was 48.3 +/- 15.2 yr; mean duration of rice farming was 25.7 +/- 14.3 yr. Prevalences for respiratory symptoms were: chronic bronchitis (6.3%), physician-diagnosed asthma (7.1%), and persistent wheeze (8.8%). Chronic cough was reported by 7.1% of respondents and was associated with reported hours per year burning rice stubble. Mean FEV1 and FVC were at expected values. FEV1 was inversely associated with years working in rice storage and use of heated rice dryers. Mean FEF25-75 was 93% of expected and was inversely associated with rice storage activities involving unheated rice driers. ILO profusion scores > or = 1/0 for small irregular opacities were seen in 18 (10.1%) of 178 chest radiographs. Study findings suggest increased asthma prevalence among California rice farmers. Radiologic findings consistent with dust or fiber exposure were increased compared with those of the general population, although no associations with specific farming activities were identified.
稻农在职业上会接触到可能影响呼吸健康的物质，包括无机粉尘和农业废弃物燃烧产生的烟雾。为评估这一职业群体的呼吸健康状况，我们开展了一项横断面研究，对464名加利福尼亚州男性稻农进行了自我管理的健康与工作问卷调查、肺活量测定和胸部X光检查。平均年龄±标准差为48.3±15.2岁；平均种稻年限为25.7±14.3年。呼吸道症状的患病率分别为：慢性支气管炎（6.3%）、医生诊断的哮喘（7.1%）和持续性喘息（8.8%）。7.1%的受访者报告有慢性咳嗽，且与每年报告的焚烧稻茬小时数有关。第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和用力肺活量（FVC）均处于预期值。FEV1与在稻谷储存场所工作的年限以及使用加热式稻谷烘干机呈负相关。平均最大呼气中期流速（FEF25-75）为预期值的93%，且与涉及未加热稻谷烘干机的稻谷储存活动呈负相关。在178份胸部X光片中，有18份（10.1%）的国际劳工组织（ILO）小阴影不规则度评分为≥1/0。研究结果表明加利福尼亚州稻农的哮喘患病率有所增加。与普通人群相比，与粉尘或纤维暴露相符的放射学检查结果有所增加，尽管未发现与特定农事活动存在关联。
