增强式跳跃训练对健康个体下肢刚度的影响：一项荟萃分析比较。
The effects of plyometric jump training on lower-limb stiffness in healthy individuals: A meta-analytical comparison.
机构信息
School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO43SQ, UK.
School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO43SQ, UK.
出版信息
J Sport Health Sci. 2023 Mar;12(2):236-245. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.005. Epub 2021 May 24.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on lower-limb stiffness.
METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Study participants included healthy males and females who undertook a PJT programme isolated from any other training type.
RESULTS
There was a small effect size (ES) of PJT on lower-limb stiffness (ES = 0.33, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.07-0.60, z = 2.47, p = 0.01). Untrained individuals exhibited a larger ES (ES = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.08-0.84, p = 0.02) than trained individuals (ES = 0.15, 95%CI: ‒0.23 to 0.53, p = 0.45). Interventions lasting a greater number of weeks (>7 weeks) had a larger ES (ES = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.06-0.88, p = 0.03) than those lasting fewer weeks (ES = 0.22, 95%CI: ‒0.12 to 0.55, p = 0.20). Programmes with ≤2 sessions per week exhibited a larger ES (ES = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.01-0.77, p = 0.04) than programmes that incorporated >2 sessions per week (ES = 0.20, 95%CI: -0.10 to 0.50, p = 0.18). Programmes with <250 jumps per week (ES = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.02-0.97, p = 0.04) showed a larger effect than programmes with 250-500 jumps per week (ES = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.00-0.72, p = 0.05). Programmes with >500 jumps per week had negative effects (ES = -0.22, 95%CI: -1.10 to 0.67, p = 0.63). Programmes with >7.5 jumps per set showed larger effect sizes (ES = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.02-1.08, p = 0.04) than those with <7.5 jumps per set (ES = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.01-0.62, p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
PJT enhances lower-body stiffness, which can be optimised with lower volumes (<250 jumps per week) over a relatively long period of time (>7 weeks).
目的
本研究旨在探讨增强式跳跃训练（PJT）对下肢刚度的影响。
方法
在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 中进行系统检索。研究参与者包括接受过 PJT 方案的健康男性和女性，该方案与任何其他训练类型均无关联。
结果
PJT 对下肢刚度的影响具有较小的效应量（ES）（ES=0.33，95%置信区间（95%CI）：0.07-0.60，z=2.47，p=0.01）。未训练个体的 ES 较大（ES=0.46，95%CI：0.08-0.84，p=0.02），而训练个体的 ES 较小（ES=0.15，95%CI：-0.23 至 0.53，p=0.45）。持续时间超过 7 周的干预措施具有更大的 ES（ES=0.47，95%CI：0.06-0.88，p=0.03），而持续时间少于 7 周的干预措施的 ES 较小（ES=0.22，95%CI：-0.12 至 0.55，p=0.20）。每周进行≤2 次训练的方案的 ES 较大（ES=0.39，95%CI：0.01-0.77，p=0.04），而每周进行>2 次训练的方案的 ES 较小（ES=0.20，95%CI：-0.10 至 0.50，p=0.18）。每周进行<250 次跳跃的方案的效应量较大（ES=0.50，95%CI：0.02-0.97，p=0.04），而每周进行 250-500 次跳跃的方案的效应量较小（ES=0.36，95%CI：0.00-0.72，p=0.05）。每周进行>500 次跳跃的方案则产生负面影响（ES=-0.22，95%CI：-1.10 至 0.67，p=0.63）。每次训练进行>7.5 次跳跃的方案具有更大的效应量（ES=0.55，95%CI：0.02-1.08，p=0.04），而每次训练进行<7.5 次跳跃的方案的效应量较小（ES=0.32，95%CI：0.01-0.62，p=0.04）。
结论
PJT 可增强下肢刚度，通过相对较长的时间（>7 周）和较低的次数（<250 次/周）可以实现最佳效果。
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