The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Sep 20;788:147832. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147832. Epub 2021 May 18.
Different types of pots and growing and casing media, including biodegradable materials, are used for plant and mushroom production. The fungus Peziza ostracoderma has gained attention for its visible growth on growing media for plants and casing media for mushrooms. Through a review of the literature we aim to evaluate whether exposure to fungi from recyclable pots and different growing and casing media occurs and causes occupational health effects. Based on the published papers, specific fungal species were not related to a specific medium. Thus P. ostracoderma has been found on paper pots, peat, sterilized soil, vermiculite, and rockwool with plants, and on peat, pumice, and paper casing for mushrooms. It has been found in high concentrations in the air in mushroom farms. Also Acremonium spp., Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Athelia turficola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Chaetomium globosum, Chrysonilia sitophila, Cladosporium spp., Cryptostroma corticale, Lecanicillium aphanocladii, Sporothrix schenckii, Stachybotrys chartarum, and Trichoderma spp. have been found on different types of growing or casing media. Most of the fungi have also been found in the air in greenhouses, but the knowledge about airborne fungal species in mushroom farms is very limited. Eight publications describe cases of health effects associated directly with exposure to fungi from pots or growing or casing media. These include cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by exposure to: A. fumigatus, A. niger, Au. pullulans, Cr. corticale, P. ostracoderma, and a mixture of fungi growing on different media. Different approaches have been used to avoid growth of saprophytes including: chemical fungicides, the formulation of biodegradable pots and growing media and types of peat. To increase the sustainability of growing media different types of media are tested for their use and with the present study we highlight the importance of also considering the occupational health of the growers who may be exposed to fungi from the media and pots.
不同类型的花盆和种植及覆土基质，包括可生物降解材料，被用于植物和蘑菇的生产。地衣状皮壳菌（Peziza ostracoderma）因其在植物生长基质和蘑菇覆土基质上可见的生长而受到关注。通过文献回顾，我们旨在评估是否存在接触可回收花盆和不同种植及覆土基质中的真菌并导致职业健康影响的情况。根据已发表的论文，特定的真菌物种与特定的基质没有关系。因此，地衣状皮壳菌已经在纸盆、泥炭、消毒土壤、蛭石和岩棉与植物一起使用的基质，以及在蘑菇生产中使用的泥炭、浮石和纸壳上被发现。它在蘑菇农场的空气中以高浓度存在。此外，枝孢霉属（Acremonium spp.）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、烟曲霉（A. fumigatus）、Turficola 皮炎（Athelia turficola）、出芽短梗霉（Aureobasidium pullulans）、球毛壳菌（Chaetomium globosum）、喜湿枝孢（Chrysonilia sitophila）、枝孢霉属（Cladosporium spp.）、皮层密丝层孔菌（Cryptostroma corticale）、淡紫拟青霉（Lecanicillium aphanocladii）、构巢曲霉（Sporothrix schenckii）、黑曲霉（Stachybotrys chartarum）和木霉属（Trichoderma spp.）也被发现在不同类型的种植或覆土基质上。大多数真菌也在温室的空气中被发现，但有关蘑菇农场空气中真菌种类的知识非常有限。有 8 篇出版物描述了与直接接触花盆或种植或覆土基质中的真菌有关的健康影响病例。这些病例包括接触烟曲霉、黑曲霉、出芽短梗霉、皮层密丝层孔菌、地衣状皮壳菌和生长在不同基质上的真菌混合物引起的过敏性肺炎。已经使用了不同的方法来避免腐生真菌的生长，包括：化学杀菌剂、可生物降解花盆和种植基质的配方以及不同类型的泥炭。为了提高种植基质的可持续性，不同类型的基质正在被测试用于其用途，通过本研究，我们强调了考虑到可能接触基质和花盆中真菌的种植者的职业健康的重要性。
