Chest wall and respiratory system mechanics in cats: effects of flow and volume.

The effects of inspiratory flow rate and inflation volume on the resistive properties of the chest wall were investigated in six anesthetized paralyzed cats by use of the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant flow inflation. This allowed measurement of the intrinsic resistance (Rw,min) and overall dynamic inspiratory impedance (Rw,max), which includes the additional pressure losses due to time constant inequalities within the chest wall tissues and/or stress adaptation. These results, together with our previous data pertaining to the lung (Kochi et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 64: 441-450, 1988), allowed us to determine Rmin and Rmax of the total respiratory system (rs). We observed that 1) Rw,max and Rrs,max exhibited marked frequency dependence; 2) Rw,min was independent of flow (V) and inspired volume (delta V), whereas Rrs,min increased linearly with V and decreased with increasing delta V; 3) Rw,max decreased with increasing V, whereas Rrs,max exhibited a minimum value at a flow rate substantially higher than the resting range of V; 4) both Rw,max and Rrs,max increased with increasing delta V. We conclude that during resting breathing, flow resistance of the chest wall and total respiratory system, as conventionally measured, includes a significant component reflecting time constant inequalities and/or stress adaptation phenomena.