Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75751 Uppsala, Sweden.
Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2021 May 26;288(1951):20210547. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0547.
Increased climate variability as a result of anthropogenic climate change can threaten the functioning of ecosystem services. However, diverse responses to climate change among species (response diversity) can provide ecosystems with resilience to this growing threat. Measuring and managing response diversity and resilience to global change are key ecological challenges. Here, we develop a novel index of climate resilience of ecosystem services, exemplified by the thermal resilience of predator communities providing biological pest control. Field assays revealed substantial differences in the temperature-dependent activity of predator species and indices of thermal resilience varied among predator communities occupying different fields. Predator assemblages with higher thermal resilience provided more stable pest control in microcosms where the temperature was experimentally varied, confirming that the index of thermal resilience developed here is linked to predator function. Importantly, complex landscapes containing a high number of non-crop habitat patches were more likely to contain predator communities with high thermal resilience. Thus, the conservation and restoration of non-crop habitats in agricultural landscapes-practices known to strengthen natural pest suppression under current conditions-will also confer resilience in ecosystem service provisioning to climate change.
人为气候变化导致的气候多变性增加可能会威胁生态系统服务的功能。然而，物种对气候变化的多样化响应（响应多样性）可以为生态系统提供对这一日益严重的威胁的恢复力。衡量和管理对全球变化的响应多样性和恢复力是关键的生态挑战。在这里，我们开发了一种生态系统服务气候恢复力的新指数，以提供生物害虫控制的捕食者群落的热恢复力为例。实地实验表明，捕食者物种的温度依赖性活动存在显著差异，并且在占据不同田地的捕食者群落中，热恢复力指数也存在差异。在温度受到实验控制的微宇宙中，具有较高热恢复力的捕食者组合提供了更稳定的害虫控制，这证实了我们在这里开发的热恢复力指数与捕食者功能有关。重要的是，包含大量非作物生境斑块的复杂景观更有可能包含具有较高热恢复力的捕食者群落。因此，在农业景观中保护和恢复非作物生境——这些做法在当前条件下被认为可以增强自然害虫抑制——也将为生态系统服务在气候变化下的提供赋予恢复力。
