Chiba Erika, Cuaresma Diane Carmeliza N, Rabajante Jomar F, Tubay Jerrold M, Areja Gavina Maica Krizna, Yamamoto Tatsuki, Yoshimura Jin, Morita Satoru, Ito Hiromu, Okabe Takuya
Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.
R Soc Open Sci. 2021 May 5;8(5):201166. doi: 10.1098/rsos.201166.
The development of cooperation in human societies is a major unsolved problem in biological and social sciences. Extensive studies in game theory have shown that cooperative behaviour can evolve only under very limited conditions or with additional complexities, such as spatial structure. Non-trivial two-person games are categorized into three types of games, namely, the prisoner's dilemma game, the chicken game and the stag hunt game. Recently, the weight-lifting game has been shown to cover all five games depending on the success probability of weight lifting, which include the above three games and two trivial cases (all cooperation and all defection; conventionally not distinguished as separate classes). Here, we introduce the concept of the environmental value of a society. Cultural development and deterioration are represented by changes in this probability. We discuss cultural evolution in human societies and the biological communities of living systems.
人类社会中合作的发展是生物学和社会科学中一个尚未解决的主要问题。博弈论的广泛研究表明，合作行为只能在非常有限的条件下或伴随着额外的复杂性（如空间结构）才能演化。非平凡的两人博弈可分为三种类型的博弈，即囚徒困境博弈、斗鸡博弈和猎鹿博弈。最近，举重博弈已被证明根据举重的成功概率涵盖了所有五种博弈，其中包括上述三种博弈以及两种平凡情况（全合作和全背叛；传统上不被区分为单独的类别）。在此，我们引入社会环境价值的概念。文化的发展和衰退由这种概率的变化来表示。我们讨论人类社会和生命系统的生物群落中的文化进化。
