Bardales-Valdivia J N, Bargues M D, Hoban-Vergara C, Bardales-Bardales C, Goicochea-Portal C, Bazán-Zurita H, Del Valle-Mendoza J, Ortiz P, Mas-Coma S
Departamento de Biología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru.
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Carretera Baños del Inca km 3,5, Cajamarca, Peru.
One Health. 2021 May 11;13:100265. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100265. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Fascioliasis is a worldwide emerging snail-borne zoonotic trematodiasis with a great spreading capacity linked to animal and human movements, climate change, and anthropogenic modifications of freshwater environments. South America is the continent with more human endemic areas caused by , mainly in high altitude areas of Andean regions. The Peruvian Cajamarca area presents the highest human prevalences reported, only lower than those in the Bolivian Altiplano. Sequencing of the complete rDNA ITS-2 allowed for the specific and haplotype classification of lymnaeid snails collected in seasonal field surveys along a transect including 2007-3473 m altitudes. The species (one haplotype preferentially in higher altitudes) and (one haplotype in an isolated population), and the non-transmitting species (two haplotypes mainly in lower altitudes) were found. Climatic seasonality proved to influence populations in temporarily dried habitats, whereas L. appeared to be more climatologically independent due to its extreme amphibious ecology. Along the southeastern transect from Cajamarca city, and L. shared the same site in 7 localities (46.7% of the water collections studied). The detection of in 11 new foci (73.3%), predominantly in northern localities closer to the city, demonstrate that the Cajamarca transmission risk area is markedly wider than previously considered. progressively increases its presence when moving away from the city. Results highlight the usefulness of lymnaeid surveys to assess borders of the endemic area and inner distribution of transmission foci. Similar lymnaeid surveys are still in need to be performed in the wide northern and western zones of the Cajamarca city. The coexistence of more than one lymnaeid transmitting species, together with a morphologically indistinguishable non-transmitting species and livestock movements inside the area, conform a complex scenario which poses difficulties for the needed One Health control intervention.
肝片吸虫病是一种在全球范围内新出现的由蜗牛传播的人畜共患吸虫病，其传播能力很强，与动物和人类的流动、气候变化以及淡水环境的人为改变有关。南美洲是因该病导致人类地方性流行地区较多的大陆，主要集中在安第斯地区的高海拔区域。秘鲁的卡哈马卡地区报告的人类患病率最高，仅次于玻利维亚高原地区。对完整的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区2（rDNA ITS-2）进行测序，有助于对在包括海拔2007 - 3473米的样带进行的季节性野外调查中收集的椎实螺进行物种和单倍型分类。发现了Pseudosuccinea columella（一种单倍型优先出现在较高海拔地区）、Galba truncatula（一个孤立种群中的一种单倍型）以及非传播性物种Helisoma duryi（两种单倍型主要出现在较低海拔地区）。气候季节性变化被证明会影响P. columella在暂时干涸栖息地的种群数量，而G. truncatula由于其极端的两栖生态习性，似乎在气候方面更具独立性。沿着从卡哈马卡市出发的东南样带，P. columella和G. truncatula在7个地点（占所研究的集水区的46.7%）共享同一地点。在11个新疫点（占73.3%）检测到P. columella，主要集中在靠近该市的北部地区，这表明卡哈马卡的传播风险区域明显比之前认为的更广泛。随着远离城市，P. columella的存在逐渐增加。研究结果凸显了椎实螺调查对于评估地方性流行区域边界和传播疫点内部分布的有用性。在卡哈马卡市广阔的北部和西部地区仍需要进行类似的椎实螺调查。多种传播性椎实螺物种的共存，以及一种形态上难以区分的非传播性物种和该地区内牲畜的流动，构成了一个复杂的局面，给所需的“同一健康”控制干预措施带来了困难。
