Kilmer Beau, MacCoun Robert J
RAND Drug Policy Research Center, Santa Monica, California 90407-2138.
School of Law, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.
Annu Rev Law Soc Sci. 2017 Oct;13(1):181-202. doi: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110615-084851. Epub 2017 Jul 3.
Public support for legalizing marijuana use increased from 25% in 1995 to 60% in 2016, rising in lockstep with support for same-sex marriage. Between November 2012 and November 2016, voters in eight states passed ballot initiatives to legalize marijuana sales for nonmedical purposes-covering one-fifth of the US population. These changes are unprecedented but are not independent of the changes in medical marijuana laws that have occurred over the past 20 years. This article suggests five ways in which the passage and implementation of medical marijuana laws smoothed the transition to nonmedical legalization in the United States: () They demonstrated the efficacy of using voter initiatives to change marijuana supply laws, () enabled the psychological changes needed to destabilize the "war on drugs" policy stasis, () generated an evidence base that could be used to downplay concerns about nonmedical legalization, () created a visible and active marijuana industry, and () revealed that the federal government would allow state and local jurisdictions to generate tax revenue from marijuana.
公众对大麻使用合法化的支持率从1995年的25%升至2016年的60%，与对同性婚姻的支持率同步上升。在2012年11月至2016年11月期间，八个州的选民通过了投票倡议，将非医疗用途大麻销售合法化，这覆盖了美国五分之一的人口。这些变化史无前例，但并非独立于过去20年发生的医用大麻法律变化。本文提出了医用大麻法律的通过和实施使美国向非医疗合法化过渡更为顺畅的五种方式：（1）它们证明了利用选民倡议来改变大麻供应法律的有效性；（2）促成了打破“禁毒”政策停滞所需的心理变化；（3）产生了一个可用于淡化对非医疗合法化担忧的证据基础；（4）创建了一个可见且活跃的大麻产业；（5）表明联邦政府将允许州和地方司法管辖区从大麻中获取税收。
