Yang Xiao-Tong, Ran Zhi-Fang, Li Rui, Lin Ying, Zhou Jie, Guo Lan-Ping
School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Ji'nan 250022, China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250355, China.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250355, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 May;46(10):2461-2466. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210123.107.
Biochar is a kind of solid material with high aromatization and rich in carbon, which is formed by pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature(250-700 ℃) under anoxic or hypoxic conditions. It has the characteristics of large specific surface area and rich pores. In recent years, as a good soil conditioner, biochar has gradually improved its advantages in improving soil rhizosphere micro ecological environment, promoting plant growth and development, and enhancing plant resistance, etc. It has been proved that biochar can affect the growth and development of plants by improving soil physical and chemical properties, adjusting microbial community structure, participating in the metabolic process in plants, and inducing plants to enhance resistance. This paper summarized the research progress of biochar application in agriculture and introduced the ecological effects and mechanism of biochar on plant seed germination, seedling growth, crop yield and stress resistance. Combined with the characteristics of Chinese materia medica, this paper expounds the application potential of biochar in improving the content of secondary metabolites of Chinese materia medica and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of Chinese materia medica, etc. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research of biochar in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, allelopathy and heavy metal stress of medicinal plants, so as to provide reference for the application of biochar in the cultivation of Chinese materia medica.
生物炭是一种高度芳构化且富含碳的固体材料，它是生物质在缺氧或低氧条件下高温（250-700℃）热解形成的。其具有比表面积大、孔隙丰富的特点。近年来，作为一种良好的土壤改良剂，生物炭在改善土壤根际微生态环境、促进植物生长发育以及增强植物抗性等方面的优势逐渐凸显。已有研究证明，生物炭可通过改善土壤理化性质、调节微生物群落结构、参与植物体内代谢过程以及诱导植物增强抗性等方式来影响植物的生长发育。本文综述了生物炭在农业中的应用研究进展，介绍了生物炭对植物种子萌发、幼苗生长、作物产量及抗逆性的生态效应及作用机制。结合中药材的特点，阐述了生物炭在提高中药材次生代谢产物含量、缓解中药材连作障碍等方面的应用潜力。未来，有必要加强生物炭在药用植物次生代谢产物生物合成、化感作用及重金属胁迫等方面的研究，为生物炭在中药材栽培中的应用提供参考。
