Chi Xiu-Lian, Sun Kai, Wang Tie-Ling, Li Xiao-Lin, Yang Guang, Guo Lan-Ping
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Apr;46(8):1876-1882. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210123.106.
Weeds is one of the important parts of agricultural ecosystem of Chinese materia medica. Weeds is a double-edged sword with advantages and disadvantages for the cultivated medicinal plants. In this study, we firstly analyzed the positive and negative effects of weeds on the yield and quality of Chinese materia medica. We then explored the possible mechanisms for the weeds' positive effects from the aspects of interspecific relationship, soil microecological environment, light environment, natural control of pests and so on. We also summarized three basic principles of weed control, that is, "making medicinal plants and weeds coexist harmoniously, achieving the overall optimum growth of medicinal plants", "prevention first, integrated control" and "preserving beneficial weeds and increasing their beneficial effects, removing harmful weeds and control their adverse effects". Finally, we introduced several common weed ecological control technology in field of the cultivated medicinal plants in China, including technology of controlling weeds by no-tillage, stral mulch, rotation, alternative herbs, competitive crops, and allelopathy. This study is aimed to apply the ecology theory to guide weed management and control, so as to achieve the goal of advantages promotion and disadvantages elimination of weeds to cultivated medicinal plants, making weeds into treasure and to promote the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials production and the protection of weed diversity.
杂草是中药材农业生态系统的重要组成部分。杂草对于栽培药用植物而言是一把双刃剑，利弊兼具。在本研究中，我们首先分析了杂草对中药材产量和质量的正负效应。接着，我们从种间关系、土壤微生态环境、光照环境、害虫自然控制等方面探讨了杂草产生积极效应的可能机制。我们还总结了杂草防治的三项基本原则，即“使药用植物与杂草和谐共存，实现药用植物整体最优生长”、“预防为主，综合防治”以及“保留有益杂草并增强其有益作用，去除有害杂草并控制其不利影响”。最后，我们介绍了中国栽培药用植物领域几种常见的杂草生态防治技术，包括免耕控草、秸秆覆盖、轮作、间作、竞争性作物以及化感作用控草技术。本研究旨在应用生态学理论指导杂草管理与防治，从而实现对栽培药用植物而言杂草的利弊转化，变废为宝，促进中药材生产的可持续健康发展以及杂草多样性保护。
