Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, House 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
University Outpatient Clinic, Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, House 12, Potsdam, Germany.
J Foot Ankle Res. 2021 May 28;14(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s13047-021-00480-w.
Chronic ankle instability, developing from ankle sprain, is one of the most common sports injuries. Besides it being an ankle issue, chronic ankle instability can also cause additional injuries. Investigating the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability is an essential step to develop an adequate injury prevention strategy. However, the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability through valid and reliable self-reported tools in active populations.
An electronic search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science in July 2020. The inclusion criteria for articles were peer-reviewed, published between 2006 and 2020, using one of the valid and reliable tools to evaluate ankle instability, determining chronic ankle instability based on the criteria of the International Ankle Consortium, and including the outcome of epidemiology of chronic ankle instability. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated with an adapted tool for the sports injury review method.
After removing duplicated studies, 593 articles were screened for eligibility. Twenty full-texts were screened and finally nine studies were included, assessing 3804 participants in total. The participants were between 15 and 32 years old and represented soldiers, students, athletes and active individuals with a history of ankle sprain. The prevalence of chronic ankle instability was 25%, ranging between 7 and 53%. The prevalence of chronic ankle instability within participants with a history of ankle sprains was 46%, ranging between 9 and 76%. Five included studies identified chronic ankle instability based on the standard criteria, and four studies applied adapted exclusion criteria to conduct the study. Five out of nine included studies showed a low risk of bias.
The prevalence of chronic ankle instability shows a wide range. This could be due to the different exclusion criteria, age, sports discipline, or other factors among the included studies. For future studies, standardized criteria to investigate the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability are required. The epidemiology of CAI should be prospective. Factors affecting the prevalence of chronic ankle instability should be investigated and clearly described.
慢性踝关节不稳是踝关节扭伤的常见并发症之一。慢性踝关节不稳不仅是踝关节问题，还可能导致其他损伤。研究慢性踝关节不稳的流行病学对于制定适当的损伤预防策略至关重要。然而，目前对慢性踝关节不稳的流行病学知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在通过在活跃人群中使用有效且可靠的自我报告工具来研究慢性踝关节不稳的流行病学。
2020 年 7 月，我们在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 上进行了电子检索。纳入研究的标准为：同行评议、发表时间在 2006 年至 2020 年之间、使用一种有效且可靠的踝关节不稳评估工具、根据国际踝关节联合会的标准确定慢性踝关节不稳、并包含慢性踝关节不稳流行病学的结果。使用经过改编的运动损伤审查方法评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。
剔除重复文献后，共筛选出 593 篇文章进行资格审查。进一步筛选出 20 篇全文，最终纳入 9 项研究，共评估了 3804 名参与者。参与者年龄在 15 至 32 岁之间，分别为士兵、学生、运动员和有踝关节扭伤史的活跃个体。慢性踝关节不稳的患病率为 25%，范围在 7%至 53%之间。有踝关节扭伤史的参与者中慢性踝关节不稳的患病率为 46%，范围在 9%至 76%之间。有 5 项纳入研究基于标准标准确定了慢性踝关节不稳，有 4 项研究应用了改编的排除标准进行研究。9 项纳入研究中有 5 项显示出较低的偏倚风险。
慢性踝关节不稳的患病率范围较广。这可能是由于纳入研究的排除标准、年龄、运动学科或其他因素不同所致。未来的研究需要标准化的标准来研究慢性踝关节不稳的流行病学。CAI 的流行病学研究应该是前瞻性的。应调查影响慢性踝关节不稳患病率的因素，并明确描述这些因素。
