Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Dec 1;16(12):1804-1815. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0799. Epub 2021 May 29.
To survey soccer practitioners' recovery strategy: (1) use, (2) perceived effectiveness, and (3) factors influencing their implementation in professional soccer.
A cross-sectional convenience sample of professional soccer club/confederation practitioners completed a web-based survey (April to July 2020). Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests with Cramer V (φ - c) assessed relationships and their strength, respectively, between the perceived effectiveness and frequency of strategy use.
A total of 80 soccer practitioners (13 countries) completed the survey. The 3 most important recovery objectives were "alleviating muscle damage/fatigue," "minimizing injury risk," and "performance optimization." The most frequently used strategies were active recovery, structured recovery day, extra rest day, massage, cold-water therapy, and carbohydrate provision (predominantly on match day and match day + 1). Relationships were identified between perceived effectiveness and frequency of strategy use for sleep medication (P < .001, φ - c = 0.48), carbohydrate provision (P = .007, φ - c = 0.60), protein provision (P = .007, φ - c = 0.63), an extra rest day (P < .001, φ - c = 0.56), and a structured recovery day (P = .049, φ - c = 0.50).
The study demonstrates that professional soccer practitioners have a range of objectives geared toward enhancing player recovery. A disconnect is apparent between the perceived effectiveness of many recovery strategies and their frequency of use in an applied setting. Novel data indicate that strategies are most frequently employed around match day. Challenges to strategy adoption are mainly competing disciplinary interests and resource limitations. Researchers and practitioners should liaise to ensure that the complexities involved with operating in an applied environment are elucidated and apposite study designs are adopted, in turn, facilitating the use of practically effective and compatible recovery modalities.
调查足球从业者的恢复策略：（1）使用情况，（2）感知效果，以及（3）影响其在职业足球中实施的因素。
采用横断面便利抽样法，对职业足球俱乐部/联盟从业者进行了一项基于网络的调查（2020 年 4 月至 7 月）。Pearson 卡方检验和 Fisher 精确检验与 Cramer V（φ-c）分别评估了感知效果与策略使用频率之间的关系及其强度。
共有 80 名足球从业者（来自 13 个国家）完成了调查。缓解肌肉损伤/疲劳、降低受伤风险和优化表现是最重要的 3 个恢复目标。最常使用的策略包括主动恢复、结构化恢复日、额外休息日、按摩、冷水疗法和碳水化合物补充（主要在比赛日和比赛日+1 进行）。研究发现，睡眠药物（P<0.001，φ-c=0.48）、碳水化合物补充（P=0.007，φ-c=0.60）、蛋白质补充（P=0.007，φ-c=0.63）、额外休息日（P<0.001，φ-c=0.56）和结构化恢复日（P=0.049，φ-c=0.50）的感知效果与使用频率之间存在关联。
该研究表明，职业足球从业者有一系列旨在提高球员恢复能力的目标。在应用环境中，许多恢复策略的感知效果与其使用频率之间存在明显脱节。新数据表明，这些策略在比赛日前后最常使用。策略采用的挑战主要是竞争学科利益和资源限制。研究人员和从业者应进行沟通，以确保阐明在应用环境中涉及的复杂性，并采用适当的研究设计，从而促进使用实际有效且兼容的恢复方式。
