Smaira Fabiana Infante, Mazzolani Bruna Caruso, Esteves Gabriel Perri, André Heloisa C Santo, Amarante Milla Cordeiro, Castanho Daniela Fernandes, de Campos Karen Jennifer, Benatti Fabiana Braga, Pinto Ana Jéssica, Roschel Hamilton, Gualano Bruno, Nicoletti Carolina Ferreira
Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rhematology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Disciplina de Reumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Nutr. 2021 May 13;8:672372. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.672372. eCollection 2021.
The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between food consumption and eating habits and food choice determinants in women during COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in Brazil between June and September, 2020, during which time social distancing measures were in place. Participants ( = 629) were aged 34.0 years and mostly within normal weight according to BMI (60.4%). "Snacking" and "liking" associated with increased energy (β = 164.27 and β = 110.24) and carbohydrate intake (β = 1.97 and β = 1.80), and with reduced protein intake (β = -1.54 and β = -1.18). In contrast, "dieting" and "weight control" associated with reduced energy (β = -162.57 and β = -111.49) and carbohydrate intake (β = -2.78 and β = -2.07), and with increased protein intake (β = 3.78 and β = 1.65). "Dieting" (β = 7.27), "need and hunger" (β = 3.34), and "health" (β = 4.94) associated with an increased consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, whereas "replacing main meals with snacks" (β = -8.98), "snacking" (β = -6.92) and binge eating symptoms (β = -0.34) associated with reduced consumption of foods within this processing level. In contrast, "use of delivery services" (β = 3.39), "replacing main meals with snacks" (β = 5.49), "visual appeal" (β = 2.17), "social norms" (β = 2.19) and "affect regulation" (β = 2.01) associated with increased ultraprocessed food consumption. Overall, associations were more frequent and pronounced when analyzing food consumption by processing level rather than by macronutrient intake. Some eating habits and food choice determinants ("snacking," "replacing meals with snacks," "use of delivery services") observed during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with an unhealthy diet (high energy and carbohydrate consumption, increased ultraprocessed food consumption and reduced unprocessed/minimally processed foods consumption) in Brazilian women.
本研究的目的是调查在新冠疫情期间女性的食物消费、饮食习惯与食物选择决定因素之间可能存在的关联。这是一项于2020年6月至9月在巴西进行的横断面调查，在此期间实施了社交距离措施。参与者（n = 629）年龄为34.0岁，根据BMI计算，大多数人处于正常体重范围（60.4%）。“吃零食”和“喜好”与能量摄入增加（β = 164.27和β = 110.24）、碳水化合物摄入增加（β = 1.97和β = 1.80）相关，而与蛋白质摄入减少（β = -1.54和β = -1.18）相关。相比之下，“节食”和“体重控制”与能量摄入减少（β = -162.57和β = -111.49）、碳水化合物摄入减少（β = -2.78和β = -2.07）相关，而与蛋白质摄入增加（β = 3.78和β = 1.65）相关。“节食”（β = 7.27）、“需求与饥饿”（β = 3.34）以及“健康”（β = 4.94）与未加工和最低限度加工食品的消费增加相关，而“用零食替代正餐”（β = -8.98）、“吃零食”（β = -6.92）和暴饮暴食症状（β = -0.34）与该加工水平的食品消费减少相关。相比之下，“使用外卖服务”（β = 3.39）、“用零食替代正餐”（β = 5.49）、“视觉吸引力”（β = 2.17）、“社会规范”（β = 2.19）和“情绪调节”（β = 2.01）与超加工食品消费增加相关。总体而言，按加工水平而非宏量营养素摄入量分析食物消费时，关联更为频繁和显著。在新冠疫情期间观察到的一些饮食习惯和食物选择决定因素（“吃零食”、“用零食替代正餐”、“使用外卖服务”）与巴西女性不健康的饮食（高能量和碳水化合物消费、超加工食品消费增加以及未加工/最低限度加工食品消费减少）有关。
