Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de, Canto Blanco, n°8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 May 2;13(5):1537. doi: 10.3390/nu13051537.
Innate immunity plays a determinant role in high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. This study compares the effects of immunonutritional bioactives from (WQ) or L. (Ch) when used to partially replace wheat flour (WB) into bread formulations. These flours were chosen to condition starch and lipid content in the products as well as because their immunonutritional activity. To be administered with different bread formulations, HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice were distributed in different groups: (i) wild type, (ii) displaying inherited disturbances in glucose homeostasis, and (iii) displaying dietary iron-mediated impairment of the innate immune TLR4/TRAM/TRIF pathway. We analyze the effects of the products on glycaemia and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasmatic triglycerides, intestinal and hepatic gene expression and variations of myeloid (MY), and lymphoid (LY) cells population in peripheral blood. Our results show that feeding animals with WQ and Ch formulations influenced the expression of lipogenic and coronary risk markers, thus attaining a better control of hepatic lipid accumulation. WQ and Ch products also improved glucose homeostasis compared to WB, normalizing the HOMA-IR in animals with an altered glucose and lipid metabolism. These positive effects were associated with positive variations in the peripheral myeloid cells population.
先天免疫系统在高脂肪饮食（HFD）诱导的胰岛素抵抗中起着决定性作用。本研究比较了来源于 （WQ）或 L.（Ch）的免疫营养生物活性物质，当它们部分替代小麦粉（WB）用于面包配方时的效果。选择这些面粉是为了调节产品中的淀粉和脂质含量，同时也是因为它们具有免疫营养活性。为了用不同的面包配方进行管理，将高脂肪饮食喂养的 C57BL/6J 小鼠分配到不同的组中：（i）野生型，（ii）显示葡萄糖稳态遗传紊乱，和（iii）显示饮食中铁介导的先天免疫 TLR4/TRAM/TRIF 途径损伤。我们分析了这些产品对血糖和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）、血浆甘油三酯、肠道和肝脏基因表达以及外周血中髓样（MY）和淋巴样（LY）细胞群变化的影响。我们的结果表明，用 WQ 和 Ch 配方喂养动物影响了脂肪生成和冠心病风险标志物的表达，从而更好地控制了肝脏脂质积累。与 WB 相比，WQ 和 Ch 产品还改善了葡萄糖稳态，使代谢紊乱的动物的 HOMA-IR 正常化。这些积极影响与外周髓样细胞群的积极变化有关。
