Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, 200284 Ibadan, Nigeria.
Nutrients. 2021 May 21;13(6):1741. doi: 10.3390/nu13061741.
The paucity of adequate data on dietary and nutrient intakes of school-age children is a barrier to addressing malnutrition and associated risks in Nigeria. This study included 955 children aged 4-13 years from Ibadan, Nigeria, using a stratified random sampling design. Information on family socio-demographic characteristics was reported, and child anthropometrics were measured. Dietary intake data were collected using a multi-pass 24 h dietary recall method; 20% of subjects completed a second 24 h recall to estimate usual nutrient intakes. Means and distributions of usual intakes of energy and nutrients as well as prevalence of inadequacy were estimated. Usual energy intake (kcal/day) was 1345 and 1590 for younger (4-8 years) and older (9-13 years) age groups, respectively. The macronutrient intakes of most children did not conform to Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), which were characterized by a higher proportion of energy from carbohydrates and lower proportion from total fats. Protein intake was largely within the AMDR. Compared to recommendations, over 60% of 4-8-year-old children had inadequate intakes of calcium, copper, iron, folate, and vitamins A, D, and E. There were more micronutrient inadequacies in the older children. This study identifies nutrition gaps and suggests future research and education to improve child nutrition in Nigeria.
尼日利亚儿童饮食和营养素摄入量数据不足，这是解决营养不良及其相关风险的障碍。本研究在尼日利亚伊巴丹纳入了 955 名 4-13 岁的儿童，采用分层随机抽样设计。报告了家庭社会人口统计学特征信息，并测量了儿童的人体测量指标。使用多次 24 小时膳食回顾法收集膳食摄入数据；20%的研究对象完成了第二次 24 小时回顾，以估计常用营养素的摄入量。估计了常用能量和营养素的摄入量均值和分布以及不足的发生率。年龄较小（4-8 岁）和较大（9-13 岁）儿童组的常用能量摄入量（千卡/天）分别为 1345 和 1590。大多数儿童的宏量营养素摄入量不符合充足宏量营养素分布范围（AMDR），其特点是碳水化合物提供的能量比例较高，总脂肪的比例较低。蛋白质摄入量在 AMDR 范围内。与推荐量相比，超过 60%的 4-8 岁儿童钙、铜、铁、叶酸以及维生素 A、D 和 E 的摄入量不足。较大儿童的微量营养素不足更为普遍。本研究确定了营养差距，并提出了未来的研究和教育，以改善尼日利亚儿童的营养状况。
