牛奶饮品可减少巴西学龄前儿童的营养不足：一项膳食建模研究。

Milk beverages can reduce nutrient inadequacy among Brazilian pre-school children: a dietary modelling study.

作者信息

Lenighan Yvonne M, Tassy Marie, Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos A, Offord Elizabeth A, Mak Tsz Ning

机构信息

Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

BMC Nutr. 2022 Nov 1;8(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00620-w.

DOI:10.1186/s40795-022-00620-w

PMID:36316737

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9623914/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Previous studies found high prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamins E, D and K, calcium and potassium among Brazilian pre-school children, with suboptimal consumption of dairy products. Dietary modelling was applied to determine the theoretical impact of improving dairy products consumption on nutrient adequacy in 4-5-year-old Brazilian children.

METHODS

Adherence to the dairy recommendation of two servings/day was calculated using data from the Brazil Kids Nutrition and Health Study (KNHS) (n = 228). Two modelling scenarios were applied to test the impact on nutrient intakes of (1) adding one or two servings of a frequently consumed cow's milk or a widely available fortified alternative: pre-school children milk (PCM), and of (2) substituting the current milk consumed by PCM. Mean nutrient intakes and percentage of children adhering to the nutrient recommendations were determined at baseline and after applying modelling scenarios.

RESULTS

Seventy-six percent (n = 174) of children did not meet the recommended daily two servings of dairy products, 56% had less than one serving of dairy products on the day of recall. The mean consumption of whole milk (fortified and unfortified) was 147 g/d, yoghurt 114 g/d and cheese 34 g/d. The addition of one serving of cow's milk demonstrated a 17% reduction in calcium inadequacy, 18% reduction in vitamin A and 3% reduction in zinc inadequacy. Adding one serving of PCM further reduced calcium inadequacy from 87 to 41%, vitamin E from 81 to 37%, and zinc inadequacy by 10%. Replacing the child's current milk with a PCM resulted in further reduction of micronutrient inadequacies, including calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E.

CONCLUSIONS

Dairy products consumption in pre-school children should be encouraged to reduce nutrient inadequacies. In particular, consumption of PCM would help to reduce calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E inadequacy, nutrients of concern in this population.

摘要

背景

先前的研究发现，巴西学龄前儿童中维生素E、D和K、钙和钾摄入不足的情况很普遍，乳制品的消费量也不理想。采用膳食建模来确定增加乳制品消费对巴西4至5岁儿童营养充足状况的理论影响。

方法

利用巴西儿童营养与健康研究（KNHS）（n = 228）的数据，计算达到每日两份乳制品推荐量的情况。应用两种建模方案来测试以下情况对营养素摄入量的影响：（1）增加一份或两份经常消费的牛奶或一种广泛可得的强化替代品：学龄前儿童牛奶（PCM）；（2）用PCM替代儿童目前消费的牛奶。在基线和应用建模方案后，确定平均营养素摄入量以及符合营养素推荐标准的儿童百分比。

结果

76%（n = 174）的儿童未达到每日两份乳制品的推荐量，56%的儿童在回忆当天摄入的乳制品不足一份。全脂牛奶（强化和未强化）的平均消费量为147克/天，酸奶为114克/天，奶酪为34克/天。增加一份牛奶可使钙摄入不足减少17%，维生素A减少18%，锌摄入不足减少3%。增加一份PCM可进一步将钙摄入不足从87%降至41%，维生素E从81%降至37%，锌摄入不足减少10%。用PCM替代儿童目前饮用的牛奶可进一步减少微量营养素摄入不足的情况，包括钙、维生素D和维生素E。