Brockett Adam T, Roesch Matthew R
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Brain Sci. 2021 May 11;11(5):617. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050617.
The ability to inhibit or suppress unwanted or inappropriate actions, is an essential component of executive function and cognitive health. The immense selective pressure placed on maintaining inhibitory control processes is exemplified by the relatively small number of instances in which these systems completely fail in the average person's daily life. Although mistakes and errors do inevitably occur, inhibitory control systems not only ensure that this number is low, but have also adapted behavioral strategies to minimize future failures. The ability of our brains to adapt our behavior and appropriately engage proper motor responses is traditionally depicted as the primary domain of frontal brain areas, despite evidence to the fact that numerous other brain areas contribute. Using the stop-signal task as a common ground for comparison, we review a large body of literature investigating inhibitory control processes across frontal, temporal, and midbrain structures, focusing on our recent work in rodents, in an effort to understand how the brain biases action selection and adapts to the experience of conflict.
抑制或压制不必要或不适当行为的能力，是执行功能和认知健康的重要组成部分。维持抑制控制过程所面临的巨大选择压力，体现在这些系统在普通人日常生活中完全失效的情况相对较少。尽管错误不可避免地会发生，但抑制控制系统不仅确保此类错误数量较少，还采用了行为策略来尽量减少未来的失误。传统上，我们大脑调整行为并适当做出正确运动反应的能力被描述为额叶脑区的主要功能，尽管有证据表明许多其他脑区也有贡献。以停止信号任务作为比较的共同基础，我们回顾了大量研究额叶、颞叶和中脑结构抑制控制过程的文献，重点关注我们最近在啮齿动物身上的研究工作，以了解大脑如何偏向动作选择并适应冲突体验。
