Lin Chih-Yen, Yang Zih-Syuan, Wang Wen-Hung, Urbina Aspiro Nayim, Lin Yu-Ting, Huang Jason C, Liu Fu-Tong, Wang Sheng-Fan
Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 May 20;14(5):490. doi: 10.3390/ph14050490.
Animal lectins are proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Galectins, the β-galactoside binding lectins, are expressed in various cells and have been reported to regulate several immunological and physiological responses. Recently, some galectins have been reported to regulate some viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV); however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Thus, we aim to review systemically the roles of galectins in their antiviral functions against IAVs. The PRISMA guidelines were used to select the eligible articles. Results indicated that only Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and Galectin-9 were reported to play a regulatory role in IAV infection. These regulatory effects occur extracellularly, through their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) interacting with glycans expressed on the virus surface, as well as endogenously, in a cell-cell interaction manner. The inhibition effects induced by galectins on IAV infection were through blocking virus-host receptors interaction, activation of NLRP-3 inflammasome, augment expression of antiviral genes and related cytokines, as well as stimulation of Tim-3 related signaling to enhance virus-specific T cells and humoral immune response. Combined, this study concludes that currently, only three galectins have reported antiviral capabilities against IAV infection, thereby having the potential to be applied as an alternative anti-influenza therapeutic strategy.
动物凝集素是具有碳水化合物识别活性的蛋白质。半乳糖凝集素是一类β-半乳糖苷结合凝集素，在多种细胞中表达，据报道可调节多种免疫和生理反应。最近，有报道称一些半乳糖凝集素可调节包括甲型流感病毒（IAV）在内的一些病毒感染；然而，其机制仍未完全了解。因此，我们旨在系统综述半乳糖凝集素在抗IAV病毒功能中的作用。采用PRISMA指南筛选符合条件的文章。结果表明，只有半乳糖凝集素-1、半乳糖凝集素-3和半乳糖凝集素-9在IAV感染中发挥调节作用。这些调节作用通过其碳水化合物识别结构域（CRD）与病毒表面表达的聚糖相互作用在细胞外发生，也以内源性细胞间相互作用的方式发生。半乳糖凝集素对IAV感染的抑制作用是通过阻断病毒-宿主受体相互作用、激活NLRP-3炎性小体、增加抗病毒基因和相关细胞因子的表达，以及刺激Tim-3相关信号传导以增强病毒特异性T细胞和体液免疫反应。综合来看，本研究得出结论，目前只有三种半乳糖凝集素被报道具有抗IAV感染的能力，因此有可能作为一种替代的抗流感治疗策略应用。
