Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Schön Klinik München Schwabing, 80804 Munich, Germany.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 May 20;13(5):365. doi: 10.3390/toxins13050365.
The visualization of the human body has frequently been groundbreaking in medicine. In the last few years, the use of ultrasound (US) imaging has become a well-established procedure for botulinum toxin therapy in people with cervical dystonia (CD). It is now undisputed among experts that some of the most relevant muscles in this indication can be safely injected under visual US guidance. This review will explore the method from basic technical considerations, current evidence to conceptual developments of the phenomenology of cervical dystonia. We will review the implications of introducing US to our understanding of muscle function and anatomy of common cervical dystonic patterns. We suggest a flow chart for the use of US to achieve a personalized treatment of people with CD. Thus, we hope to contribute a resource that is useful in clinical practice and that stimulates the ongoing development of this valuable technique.
人体可视化在医学中经常具有开创性。在过去的几年中，超声（US）成像的使用已成为治疗颈部肌张力障碍（CD）患者肉毒毒素治疗的成熟程序。现在，专家们一致认为，在这种情况下，可以在视觉超声引导下安全地注射一些最相关的肌肉。本综述将从基本技术考虑因素、当前证据到颈部肌张力障碍现象学的概念发展来探讨该方法。我们将回顾将 US 引入我们对常见颈部肌张力障碍模式的肌肉功能和解剖理解的影响。我们建议使用 US 为 CD 患者制定个性化治疗的流程图。因此，我们希望为临床实践提供有用的资源，并激发这项有价值技术的持续发展。
