Chang Xiaoqian, Kingsley Kathryn L, White James F
Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Microorganisms. 2021 May 12;9(5):1041. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9051041.
In this research, we conducted histochemical, inhibitor and other experiments to evaluate the chemical interactions between intracellular bacteria and plant cells. As a result of these experiments, we hypothesize two chemical interactions between bacteria and plant cells. The first chemical interaction between endophyte and plant is initiated by microbe-produced ethylene that triggers plant cells to grow, release nutrients and produce superoxide. The superoxide combines with ethylene to form products hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide. In the second interaction between microbe and plant the microbe responds to plant-produced superoxide by secretion of nitric oxide to neutralize superoxide. Nitric oxide and superoxide combine to form peroxynitrite that is catalyzed by carbon dioxide to form nitrate. The two chemical interactions underlie hypothesized nutrient exchanges in which plant cells provide intracellular bacteria with fixed carbon, and bacteria provide plant cells with fixed nitrogen. As a consequence of these two interactions between endophytes and plants, plants grow and acquire nutrients from endophytes, and plants acquire enhanced oxidative stress tolerance, becoming more tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses.
在本研究中，我们进行了组织化学、抑制剂及其他实验，以评估细胞内细菌与植物细胞之间的化学相互作用。通过这些实验，我们推测细菌与植物细胞之间存在两种化学相互作用。内生菌与植物之间的第一种化学相互作用由微生物产生的乙烯引发，该乙烯触发植物细胞生长、释放养分并产生超氧化物。超氧化物与乙烯结合形成过氧化氢和二氧化碳。在微生物与植物的第二种相互作用中，微生物通过分泌一氧化氮来中和植物产生的超氧化物，以响应植物产生的超氧化物。一氧化氮与超氧化物结合形成过氧亚硝酸盐，过氧亚硝酸盐在二氧化碳的催化下形成硝酸盐。这两种化学相互作用是推测的养分交换的基础，在这种养分交换中，植物细胞为细胞内细菌提供固定碳，而细菌为植物细胞提供固定氮。由于内生菌与植物之间的这两种相互作用，植物生长并从内生菌中获取养分，并且植物获得了增强的氧化应激耐受性，对非生物和生物胁迫的耐受性更强。
