Morris Mary, Ye Xiaofei Philip, Doona Christopher J
Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 May 6;13(9):1492. doi: 10.3390/polym13091492.
The increasing use of functional aramids in a wide array of applications and the inert nature of aramids against conventional dye and print methods requires developing new dyeing methods. This study aims to use environmentally friendly method with a cationic dye as an alternative for dyeing para-aramid fabrics. Experiments used a multi-factorial design with functions of pretreatment, dye solvent (water and/or glycerol) and auxiliary chemical additives (swelling agent and surfactant) and a sequential experimentation methodology. The most effective dyeing procedures involved the following steps: (i) pretreatments of the fabrics with soybean oil and nonthermal plasma (NTP), (ii) using water at T = 100 °C as the dye solvent, and (iii) omitting other chemical additives. With a commercial cationic dye, these conditions achieved a color strength in K/S value of 2.28, compared to ~1 for untreated samples. FTIR analysis revealed that a functional network formed on the fibers and yarns of the fabrics by chemical reactions of excited plasma species with double bonds in the soybean oil molecules was responsible for significantly improving the color strength. These results extend the potential uses of a renewable material (soybean oil) and an environmentally friendly technology (NTP) to improve the dyeing of para-aramid textiles and reduce the use of harsh dye chemicals.
功能芳族聚酰胺在众多应用中的使用日益增加，且芳族聚酰胺对传统染色和印花方法具有惰性，这就需要开发新的染色方法。本研究旨在采用以阳离子染料为替代物的环保方法对对位芳族聚酰胺织物进行染色。实验采用多因素设计，涉及预处理、染料溶剂（水和/或甘油）以及辅助化学添加剂（膨化剂和表面活性剂）的功能，并采用顺序实验方法。最有效的染色步骤包括：（i）用大豆油和非热等离子体（NTP）对织物进行预处理，（ii）使用温度为100°C的水作为染料溶剂，以及（iii）不使用其他化学添加剂。使用一种商用阳离子染料，在这些条件下，织物的色强度达到K/S值为2.28，而未处理样品的色强度约为1。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明，激发的等离子体物种与大豆油分子中的双键发生化学反应，在织物的纤维和纱线上形成了功能网络，这是色强度显著提高的原因。这些结果扩展了可再生材料（大豆油）和环保技术（NTP）在改善对位芳族聚酰胺纺织品染色以及减少使用刺激性染料化学品方面的潜在用途。
