Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
Cardiovascular Proteomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 6;22(9):4937. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094937.
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and represents an escalating problem for healthcare systems. The identification of asymptomatic patients with underlying cardiac subclinical disease would create an opportunity for early intervention and prevention of symptomatic HF. Traditional biomarkers are very useful as diagnostic and prognostic tools in the cardiovascular field; however, their application is usually limited to overt cardiac disease. On the other hand, a growing number of studies is investigating the diagnostic and prognostic potential of new biomarkers, such as micro-RNAs (miRNA), long non-coding RNAs, and exosome cargo, because of their involvement in the early phases of cardiac dysfunction. Unfortunately, their use in asymptomatic phases remains a distant goal. The aim of this review is to gather the current knowledge of old and novel biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction in asymptomatic individuals.
心力衰竭（HF）是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一，也是医疗保健系统面临的日益严重的问题。识别无症状的、存在潜在心脏亚临床疾病的患者将为早期干预和预防有症状的 HF 提供机会。传统的生物标志物在心血管领域是非常有用的诊断和预后工具；然而，它们的应用通常仅限于明显的心脏疾病。另一方面，越来越多的研究正在探索新的生物标志物（如 micro-RNAs [miRNA]、长链非编码 RNA 和外泌体货物）的诊断和预后潜力，因为它们参与了心脏功能障碍的早期阶段。不幸的是，它们在无症状阶段的应用仍然是一个遥远的目标。本综述的目的是收集关于在无症状个体中心脏功能障碍的早期诊断中使用旧的和新的生物标志物的最新知识。
