Fontana Daniele Cristina, de Paula Samuel, Torres Abel Galon, de Souza Victor Hugo Moura, Pascholati Sérgio Florentino, Schmidt Denise, Dourado Neto Durval
Department of Plant Production, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil.
Plant Pathology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2021 May 8;10(5):570. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10050570.
Plant diseases cause losses of approximately 16% globally. Thus, management measures must be implemented to mitigate losses and guarantee food production. In addition to traditional management measures, induced resistance and biological control have gained ground in agriculture due to their enormous potential. Endophytic fungi internally colonize plant tissues and have the potential to act as control agents, such as biological agents or elicitors in the process of induced resistance and in attenuating abiotic stresses. In this review, we list the mode of action of this group of microorganisms which can act in controlling plant diseases and describe several examples in which endophytes were able to reduce the damage caused by pathogens and adverse conditions. This is due to their arsenal of molecules generated during the interaction by which they form a kind of biological shield in the plant. Furthermore, considering that endophytic fungi can be an important tool in managing for biotic and abiotic stresses due to the large amount of biologically active substances produced, bioprospecting this class of microorganisms is tending to increase and generate valuable products for agriculture.
植物病害在全球范围内造成约16%的损失。因此，必须采取管理措施来减少损失并保障粮食生产。除了传统管理措施外，诱导抗性和生物防治因其巨大潜力在农业中得到了广泛应用。内生真菌在植物组织内部定殖，有潜力作为防治剂，例如在诱导抗性过程中作为生物制剂或激发子，并减轻非生物胁迫。在本综述中，我们列举了这类微生物在控制植物病害中的作用方式，并描述了几个内生菌能够减少病原体和不利条件造成的损害的例子。这是由于它们在相互作用过程中产生的一系列分子，通过这些分子它们在植物中形成一种生物屏障。此外，鉴于内生真菌由于产生大量生物活性物质而可能成为应对生物和非生物胁迫的重要工具，对这类微生物进行生物勘探的趋势正在增加，并为农业生产有价值的产品。
