Ibekwe Abasiofiok, Durso Lisa, Ducey Thomas F, Oladeinde Adelumola, Jackson Charlene R, Frye Jonathan G, Dungan Robert, Moorman Tom, Brooks John P, Obayiuwana Amarachukwu, Karathia Hiren, Fanelli Brian, Hasan Nur
US Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Microorganisms. 2021 May 13;9(5):1057. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9051057.
Antimicrobial resistance associated with the spread of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins is increasing worldwide. However, data on the population of ESBL producing in different animal sources and their antimicrobial characteristics are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs of ESBL-encoded genes in isolated from swine, beef, dairy, and poultry collected from different regions of the United States using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Three hundred isolates were typed into different phylogroups, characterized by BOX AIR-1 PCR and tested for resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 300 isolates, 59.7% were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 49.3% to tetracycline, 32.3% to cephalothin, 22.3% to ampicillin, 20% to streptomycin, 16% to ticarcillin; resistance to the remaining 12 antimicrobials was less than 10%. Phylogroups A and B1 were most prevalent with A ( = 92, 30%) and B1 (87 = 29%). A total of nine isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by double-disk synergy testing and multidrug resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial drug classes. Using WGS, significantly higher numbers of ESBL- were detected in swine and dairy manure than from any other animal sources, suggesting that these may be the primary animal sources for ESBL producing . These isolates carry plasmids, such as IncFIA(B), IncFII, IncX1, IncX4, IncQ1, CollRNAI, Col440I, and acquired ARGs (6)-Id, (3″)-Ib, A5, (3')-Ia, , , A, B, A1, 1, 2, B, A17. One of the isolates from swine with ST 410 was resistant to nine antibiotics and carried more than 28 virulence factors, and this ST has been shown to belong to an international high-risk clone. Our data suggests that ESBL producing are widely distributed in different animal sources, but swine and dairy cattle may be their main reservoir.
与质粒编码的超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因传播相关的抗菌药物耐药性在全球范围内不断增加，这些基因可导致对第三代头孢菌素产生耐药性。然而，关于不同动物来源中产ESBL细菌群体及其抗菌特性的数据有限。本研究的目的是使用全基因组测序（WGS）调查从美国不同地区收集的猪、牛、奶牛和家禽中分离出的产ESBL基因的潜在储存库。300株分离株被分型为不同的系统发育群，通过BOX AIR-1 PCR进行鉴定，并检测其对抗菌药物的耐药性。在这300株分离株中，59.7%对磺胺异恶唑耐药，49.3%对四环素耐药，32.3%对头孢噻吩耐药，22.3%对氨苄西林耐药，20%对链霉素耐药，16%对替卡西林耐药；对其余12种抗菌药物的耐药率低于10%。系统发育群A和B1最为普遍，A群（n = 92，30%）和B1群（87株 = 29%）。通过双纸片协同试验共确认9株分离株为产ESBL菌，且对至少三类抗菌药物具有多重耐药性（MDR）。使用WGS检测发现，猪和奶牛粪便中产ESBL细菌的数量显著高于其他任何动物来源，这表明这些可能是产ESBL细菌的主要动物来源。这些分离株携带IncFIA(B)、IncFII、IncX1、IncX4、IncQ1、CollRNAI、Col440I等质粒以及获得性耐药基因（ARGs）bla(6)-Id、bla(3″)-Ib、A5、bla(3')-Ia、bla、bla、bla、bla、bla、bla、bla、bla、bla、bla、bla。其中一株来自猪的ST410分离株对9种抗生素耐药，并携带超过28种毒力因子，且该ST已被证明属于国际高危克隆。我们的数据表明，产ESBL细菌广泛分布于不同动物来源中，但猪和奶牛可能是它们的主要储存宿主。
