Kamaruzzaman Emelia Aini, Abdul Aziz Saleha, Bitrus Asinamai Athliamai, Zakaria Zunita, Hassan Latiffah
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos PMB 2084, Plateau, Nigeria.
Pathogens. 2020 Nov 30;9(12):1007. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9121007.
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and resistant bacteria do not recognize animal, human, or geographic boundaries. Addressing this threat requires a multidisciplinary approach involving human, animal, and environmental health (One Health) sectors. This is because antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine have been reported to be the same or similar to those in human medicine use. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) is a growing public health problem worldwide, and the agri-food industry is increasingly becoming a source of clinically important ESBL bacteria. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of ESBL-producing from dairy cattle, milk, and the farm environment. isolates were identified by their 16sRNA, and their ESBL production was confirmed using ESBL-CHROMagar media and the double disk diffusion method. Genotypes of ESBL producers were characterized using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay. It was found that 18 (4.8%) of the total samples were positive for ESBL-producing . Of these, 66.7% were from milk, and 27.8% and 5.5% were from the farm environment and faecal samples, respectively. Predominant ESBL genotypes identified were a combination of both TEM and CTX-M in eight out of 18 (44.4%) isolates. Four (22.2%) isolates produced the CTX-M gene, two (11.1%) isolates produced the TEM gene, and four (22.2%) remaining isolates produced the ESBL genes other than TEM, SHV, CTX-M, and OXA. The SHV and OXA gene were not detected in all 18 isolates. In all, there were four profiles of genetic similarity. The occurrence of these genotypes in indicator organisms from dairy cattle, milk, and the farm environment further re-enforced the potential of food-animals as sources of ESBL-producing infection in humans via the food chain. Thus, there is the need for the adoption of a tripartite One Health approach in surveillance and monitoring to control antimicrobial resistance.
抗菌耐药基因和耐药菌的出现与传播不受动物、人类或地理边界的限制。应对这一威胁需要采取涉及人类、动物和环境卫生（同一健康）部门的多学科方法。这是因为据报道，兽用抗菌药物与人类医学中使用的药物相同或相似。超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）在全球范围内日益成为一个公共卫生问题，农业食品行业正越来越多地成为临床上重要的产ESBL细菌的来源。因此，本研究的目的是调查奶牛、牛奶和农场环境中产ESBL细菌的发生情况和特征。通过16sRNA鉴定分离株，并使用ESBL-CHROMagar培养基和双纸片扩散法确认其ESBL产生情况。使用多重聚合酶链反应（mPCR）分析对产ESBL菌的基因型进行表征。结果发现，总样本中有18份（4.8%）产ESBL细菌呈阳性。其中，66.7%来自牛奶，27.8%和5.5%分别来自农场环境和粪便样本。在18株分离株中的8株（44.4%）中鉴定出的主要ESBL基因型是TEM和CTX-M的组合。4株（22.2%）分离株产生CTX-M基因，2株（11.1%）分离株产生TEM基因，其余4株（22.2%）分离株产生除TEM、SHV、CTX-M和OXA之外的ESBL基因。在所有18株分离株中均未检测到SHV和OXA基因。总共存在四种遗传相似性图谱。这些基因型在奶牛、牛奶和农场环境中的指示生物中的出现进一步强化了食用动物作为人类通过食物链感染产ESBL细菌来源的可能性。因此，有必要采用三方同一健康方法进行监测，以控制抗菌药物耐药性。
