Gorodetsky Raphael, Aicher Wilhelm K
Biotechnology and Radiobiology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Center of Medical Research, Department of Urology at UKT, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 18;22(10):5302. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105302.
The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources, including bone marrow (BM, bmMSCs), adipose tissue (atMSCs), and human term placenta (hPSCs) has been proposed for various clinical purposes. Accumulated evidence suggests that the activity of the different MSCs is indirect and associated with paracrine release of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors. A major limitation of bmMSCs-based treatment for autologous application is the limited yield of cells harvested from BM and the invasiveness of the procedure. Similar effects of autologous and allogeneic MSCs isolated from various other tissues were reported. The easily available fresh human placenta seems to represent a preferred source for harvesting abundant numbers of human hPSCs for allogenic use. Cells derived from the neonate tissues of the placenta (f-hPSC) can undergo extended expansion with a low risk of senescence. The low expression of HLA class I and II on f-hPSCs reduces the risk of rejection in allogeneic or xenogeneic applications in normal immunocompetent hosts. The main advantage of hPSCs-based therapies seems to lie in the secretion of a wide range of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors. This renders hPSCs as a very competent cell for therapy in humans or animal models. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of allogeneic applications of f-hPSCs, with reference to their indirect pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects and discusses clinical feasibility studies.
包括骨髓（BM，bmMSCs）、脂肪组织（atMSCs）和人足月胎盘（hPSCs）在内的不同来源间充质基质细胞（MSCs）已被用于各种临床目的。越来越多的证据表明，不同MSCs的活性是间接的，且与促再生和抗炎因子的旁分泌释放有关。基于bmMSCs的自体应用治疗的一个主要局限性是从骨髓中收获的细胞产量有限以及该操作具有侵入性。有报道称，从各种其他组织中分离的自体和异体MSCs具有相似的效果。易于获取的新鲜人胎盘似乎是获取大量用于异体使用的人hPSCs的首选来源。源自胎盘新生儿组织的细胞（f-hPSC）可以进行长时间的扩增，且衰老风险较低。f-hPSCs上HLA I类和II类的低表达降低了在正常免疫活性宿主中异体或异种应用时的排斥风险。基于hPSCs的疗法的主要优势似乎在于分泌多种促再生和抗炎因子。这使得hPSCs成为人类或动物模型治疗中非常有效的细胞。本综述总结了f-hPSCs异体应用的治疗潜力，涉及其间接的促再生和抗炎作用，并讨论了临床可行性研究。
