Ojasalo Sofia, Piskunen Petteri, Shen Boxuan, Kostiainen Mauri A, Linko Veikko
Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 May 27;11(6):1413. doi: 10.3390/nano11061413.
Viruses are among the most intriguing nanostructures found in nature. Their atomically precise shapes and unique biological properties, especially in protecting and transferring genetic information, have enabled a plethora of biomedical applications. On the other hand, structural DNA nanotechnology has recently emerged as a highly useful tool to create programmable nanoscale structures. They can be extended to user defined devices to exhibit a wide range of static, as well as dynamic functions. In this review, we feature the recent development of virus-DNA hybrid materials. Such structures exhibit the best features of both worlds by combining the biological properties of viruses with the highly controlled assembly properties of DNA. We present how the DNA shapes can act as "structured" genomic material and direct the formation of virus capsid proteins or be encapsulated inside symmetrical capsids. Tobacco mosaic virus-DNA hybrids are discussed as the examples of dynamic systems and directed formation of conjugates. Finally, we highlight virus-mimicking approaches based on lipid- and protein-coated DNA structures that may elicit enhanced stability, immunocompatibility and delivery properties. This development also paves the way for DNA-based vaccines as the programmable nano-objects can be used for controlling immune cell activation.
病毒是自然界中最引人入胜的纳米结构之一。它们精确到原子层面的形状和独特的生物学特性，尤其是在保护和传递遗传信息方面，催生了大量的生物医学应用。另一方面，结构性DNA纳米技术最近已成为一种非常有用的工具，用于创建可编程的纳米级结构。它们可以扩展为用户定义的设备，以展现广泛的静态和动态功能。在本综述中，我们重点介绍病毒-DNA杂化材料的最新进展。这类结构通过将病毒的生物学特性与DNA高度可控的组装特性相结合，展现了两者的最佳特性。我们阐述了DNA形状如何作为“结构化”基因组材料，指导病毒衣壳蛋白的形成或被包裹在对称衣壳内。烟草花叶病毒-DNA杂化物作为动态系统和共轭物定向形成的例子进行了讨论。最后，我们强调了基于脂质和蛋白质包被的DNA结构的病毒模拟方法，这些方法可能会提高稳定性、免疫相容性和递送特性。这一进展也为基于DNA的疫苗铺平了道路，因为可编程的纳米物体可用于控制免疫细胞的激活。
