Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
HYBER Centre, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
ACS Synth Biol. 2020 Aug 21;9(8):1923-1940. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00235. Epub 2020 Jul 12.
Over the past decade, DNA nanotechnology has spawned a broad variety of functional nanostructures tailored toward the enabled state at which applications are coming increasingly in view. One of the branches of these applications is in synthetic biology, where the intrinsic programmability of the DNA nanostructures may pave the way for smart task-specific molecular robotics. In brief, the synthesis of the user-defined artificial DNA nano-objects is based on employing DNA molecules with custom lengths and sequences as building materials that predictably assemble together by obeying Watson-Crick base pairing rules. The general workflow of creating DNA nanoshapes is getting more and more straightforward, and some objects can be designed automatically from the top down. The versatile DNA nano-objects can serve as synthetic tools at the interface with biology, for example, in therapeutics and diagnostics as dynamic logic-gated nanopills, light-, pH-, and thermally driven devices. Such diverse apparatuses can also serve as optical polarizers, sensors and capsules, autonomous cargo-sorting robots, rotary machines, precision measurement tools, as well as electric and magnetic-field directed robotic arms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in robotic DNA nanostructures, mechanics, and their various implementations.
在过去的十年中，DNA 纳米技术催生了各种各样的功能纳米结构，这些结构针对应用的启用状态进行了定制，应用的出现越来越受到关注。这些应用的一个分支是在合成生物学领域，DNA 纳米结构的固有可编程性可能为智能特定任务的分子机器人铺平道路。简而言之，用户定义的人工 DNA 纳米物体的合成基于使用具有定制长度和序列的 DNA 分子作为建筑材料，这些建筑材料通过遵守沃森-克里克碱基配对规则可预测地组装在一起。创建 DNA 纳米形状的一般工作流程变得越来越简单，并且一些物体可以从顶部自动设计。多功能 DNA 纳米物体可以作为与生物学接口的合成工具，例如，作为动态逻辑门控纳米丸、光、pH 和热驱动装置的治疗和诊断。此类多样化的仪器还可用作光学偏振器、传感器和胶囊、自主货物分拣机器人、旋转机器、精密测量工具以及电场和磁场导向的机器臂。在这篇综述中，我们总结了机器人 DNA 纳米结构、力学及其各种实现方式的最新进展。
