Sun Shengyan, Kong Zhaowei, Shi Qingde, Zhang Haifeng, Lei On-Kei, Nie Jinlei
Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 May 27;9(6):637. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9060637.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week low-carbohydrate diet (LC) with or without exercise training on cardiometabolic health-related profiles in overweight/obese women.
Fifty overweight/obese Chinese women (age: 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 3.1 kg·m) were randomized to either a LC control group (LC-CON, = 16), a LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, = 17), or a LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, = 17). All groups consumed LC for 4 weeks, while the LC-HIIT and LC-MICT groups followed an additional five sessions of HIIT (10 × 6 s cycling sprints and 9 s rest intervals, 2.5 min in total) or MICT (cycling continuously at 50-60% of peak oxygen uptake (VO) for 30 min) weekly. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and several metabolic or appetite regulating hormones were measured before and after intervention.
Significant reductions in body weight (- ~2.5 kg, 0.001, = 0.772) and BMI (- ~1 unit, 0.001, = 0.782) were found in all groups. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 5-6 mmHg ( < 0.001, = 0.370); fasting insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were also significantly decreased ( 0.05), while insulin sensitivity was improved. However, there were no significant changes in fasting glucose, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory peptide levels. Furthermore, no group differences were found among the three groups, suggesting that extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) failed to trigger additional effects on these cardiometabolic profiles.
The short-term carbohydrate restriction diet caused significant weight loss and improved blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese women, although the combination with exercise training had no additional benefits on the examined cardiometabolic profiles. Moreover, the long-term safety and effectiveness of LC needs further study.
本研究旨在评估为期4周的低碳水化合物饮食（LC）在有或没有运动训练的情况下，对超重/肥胖女性心脏代谢健康相关指标的影响。
50名超重/肥胖的中国女性（年龄：22.2±3.3岁，体重指数（BMI）：25.1±3.1kg·m²）被随机分为LC对照组（LC-CON，n = 16）、LC与高强度间歇训练组（LC-HIIT，n = 17）或LC与中等强度持续训练组（LC-MICT，n = 17）。所有组均进行4周的低碳水化合物饮食，而LC-HIIT组和LC-MICT组每周额外进行5次HIIT（10次6秒的自行车冲刺和9秒的休息间隔，共2.5分钟）或MICT（以峰值摄氧量（VO₂）的50 - 60%持续骑行30分钟）。在干预前后测量血压、空腹血糖、胰岛素敏感性以及几种代谢或食欲调节激素。
所有组的体重（-约2.5kg，P < 0.001，η² = 0.772）和BMI（-约1个单位，P < 0.001，η² = 0.782）均显著降低。收缩压降低了5 - 6mmHg（P < 0.001，η² = 0.370）；空腹胰岛素、瘦素和胃饥饿素水平也显著降低（P < 0.05），而胰岛素敏感性得到改善。然而，空腹血糖、胰高血糖素和胃抑肽水平没有显著变化。此外，三组之间未发现组间差异，这表明额外的训练（即LC-HIIT和LC-MICT）未能对这些心脏代谢指标产生额外影响。
短期碳水化合物限制饮食使超重/肥胖女性体重显著减轻，并改善了血压和胰岛素敏感性，尽管与运动训练相结合对所检测的心脏代谢指标没有额外益处。此外，低碳水化合物饮食的长期安全性和有效性需要进一步研究。
