Magez Stefan, Pinto Torres Joar Esteban, Oh Seoyeon, Radwanska Magdalena
Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Envirinmental Technology and Food Technology, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro 119-5, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universiteit Gent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Pathogens. 2021 May 31;10(6):679. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060679.
Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites affecting humans, livestock and game animals. and are human infective sub-species of causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT-sleeping sickness). The related parasite lacks the resistance to survive in human serum, and only inflicts animal infections. Animal trypanosomiasis (AT) is not restricted to Africa, but is present on all continents. and are the most widespread pathogenic trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Through mechanical transmission, has also been introduced into South America. is a unique animal trypanosome that is found in vast territories around the world and can cause atypical human trypanosomiasis (aHT). All salivarian trypanosomes are well adapted to survival inside the host's immune system. This is not a hostile environment for these parasites, but the place where they thrive. Here we provide an overview of the latest insights into the host-parasite interaction and the unique survival strategies that allow trypanosomes to outsmart the immune system. In addition, we review new developments in treatment and diagnosis as well as the issues that have hampered the development of field-applicable anti-trypanosome vaccines for the implementation of sustainable disease control.
涎源性锥虫是影响人类、家畜和野生动物的细胞外寄生虫，是导致人类非洲锥虫病（昏睡病）的人感染性亚种。相关的寄生虫缺乏在人血清中存活的抵抗力，仅引起动物感染。动物锥虫病并不局限于非洲，而是在各大洲都有存在。布氏锥虫和冈比亚锥虫是撒哈拉以南非洲最广泛传播的致病性锥虫。通过机械传播，布氏锥虫也已传入南美洲。枯氏锥虫是一种独特的动物锥虫，在世界各地的广大地区都有发现，可引起非典型人类锥虫病。所有涎源性锥虫都能很好地适应在宿主免疫系统内生存。对这些寄生虫来说，这不是一个敌对环境，而是它们茁壮成长的地方。在此，我们概述了宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用的最新见解以及使锥虫能够智胜免疫系统的独特生存策略。此外，我们回顾了治疗和诊断方面的新进展以及阻碍开发适用于现场的抗锥虫疫苗以实施可持续疾病控制的问题。
