The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
Disciple of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2022 May 21;14(10):2145. doi: 10.3390/nu14102145.
Diet is thought to play a role in the development and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Dietary guidelines provide practical recommendations for achieving nutrient requirements and mitigating the risk of chronic disease. The aim of this study was to describe the adherence to dietary guidelines by women with and without GDM and determine whether adherence is associated with the development of GDM. Adherence to Ministry of Health food group recommendations was assessed in 5391 pregnant women participating in the Growing Up in New Zealand study. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered during pregnancy provided dietary data. The presence of GDM was determined using diagnostic coding in clinical data and blood glucose results. A quarter of women did not meet any food group recommendations. There were no significant differences in the number of food group targets met by women with or those without GDM. Meeting food group recommendations was not associated with odds of having GDM in adjusted analyses. This study found adherence to dietary recommendations is poor in both women with and without GDM and no association between adherence to food group recommendations and the development of GDM. Greater support is required to assist women to achieve food and nutrition recommendations.
饮食被认为在妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的发展和管理中起作用。饮食指南为满足营养需求和降低慢性病风险提供了实用建议。本研究旨在描述患有和不患有 GDM 的女性对饮食指南的依从性，并确定依从性是否与 GDM 的发生有关。在参与新西兰成长研究的 5391 名孕妇中评估了对卫生部食物组推荐的依从性。在怀孕期间进行的食物频率问卷（FFQ）提供了饮食数据。通过临床数据和血糖结果的诊断编码确定 GDM 的存在。有四分之一的女性不符合任何食物组的推荐。患有或不患有 GDM 的女性满足食物组目标的数量没有显著差异。在调整分析中，满足食物组推荐与发生 GDM 的几率无关。本研究发现，患有和不患有 GDM 的女性对饮食建议的依从性都很差，而且遵守食物组推荐与 GDM 的发生之间没有关联。需要更多的支持来帮助女性实现食物和营养建议。
